The article discusses the Nepalese legal system of the past, mainly focusing on criminal cases and punishments before and during the period of Jung Bahadur Rana. Ancient Nepal did not have strong judicial law. The first influential proponent of judicial law in Nepal was Jayasthiti Malla, who divided people into castes and made regulations setting out caste behavior and inter-caste relationships. The Nepalese laws are based on the Shastras, even in Malla period and later in the Shah period. The ruler of Gorkha, Ram Shah, is seen as a king who introduced social regulations. Brian Hodgson, the third British Resident in Nepal rendered a service to Nepal by putting the judicial system of the time into written form. It focuses on the laws implemented by Jung Bahadur Rana. He occupies a unique position in the legal history of Nepal giving politically united Nepal its first written legal code (Ain) which covered both civil and criminal law. The article contains the provisions of that legal code in the English language. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-08)