This study investigated the effect of Buddhist meditation on self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence, representing the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal levels of the self-concept, respectively. On empirical and theoretical grounds, the authors predicted that meditation experience would lead to development in each of these dimensions. 28 prospective meditators (aged 20–68 yrs) with no experience, 58 beginner meditators (aged 19–64 yrs) with less than 2 years' experience, and 73 advanced meditators (aged 18–73 yrs) with more than 2 years' experience of meditation were compared on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal subscales of the Temperament and Character Inventory. The hypothesis was fully supported for all 3 dimensions of the self-concept, level of development being a positive function of meditation experience. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.