The article discusses the effect of high altitude on fecundity and fertility in the Himalayas. It examines the body of research on high altitude hypoxia, particularly the effect of high altitude on fertility and fecundity. The article is based on a survey of Kyilung village, Ladakh. It also reviews old studies and discuss the topic on the basis of the Sherpa of Khumbu. The article concludes that the case for the presence of a hypoxic effect acting to reduce fertility and fecundity in long term resident native populations in the Himalayas is scientifically unproven. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-25)