In this chapter I propose a turn to the German Enlightment and Immanuel Kant's philosophy in order to show connections between this particular tradition and contemporary discussions on the Anthropocene in the environmental humanities. I follow four steps: first, I introduce the concepts of the Anthropocene and cosmopolitanism, observing how debates on these themes within the natural sciences and the humanities can be related to the context of the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment in eighteenth-century Europe. Second, I focus on Kant's Enlightment project to propose that his theories of physical geography, reflective judgement, and world citizenship can be viewed as antecedents to many contemporary environmental discussions. Third, I show that Kant's considerations on teleogy and normativity can be interpreted in relation to his cosmopolitanism. In conclusion, I propose "environmental cosmopolitanism" as a project worth pursuing in light of the current debates on the Anthropocene and environmental humanities.