Archaic religious medicine dating back to 2000 BC was practised in ancient Greece, Persia and India. Early forms of indigenous medical systems probably emerged around the sixth century BC and continued to have an anchor in a holistic approach based on humoral theories, while modern Western medicine departing from its roots in philosophy and psychology has adopted the Cartesian dualism of body and mind. Three approaches in modern psychology may bridge the gap between the indigenous and Western health systems. These are the developmental approach, health psychology and positive psychology. In this chapter, I discuss four prominent indigenous systems in the Indian subcontinent—Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Tibetan medicine—focusing on childcare practices prescribed therein.