Astangahrdayasamhita, transmitted into the region of Tibet and Mongolia as Buddist Scripture, is a classical work of ancient Indian medicine. It has had an important influence on the formation of the theoretical system of Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine. Divided into six parts, eight branches and 120 chapters, Astangahrdayasamhita describes systematically physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article describes Astangahrdayasamhita in four aspects, including the author and dating of its writing: the main contents; its position in Ayur-vedic medicine; the influence on Tibetan and Mongolian medicine.