This chapter is part of a volume aimed at providing psychologists and psychotherapists with a basic background in the fundamental beliefs and worldviews of the major religious traditions. This chapter focuses on the history and tenets of the Buddhist tradition, including a discussion of the teachings of the Buddha, Buddhist beliefs in their theoretical context, the development of Buddhism after the Buddha's death, meditation, and Buddhist perspectives on morality. This chapter also looks at issues involved in the treatment of Buddhist clients pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, and the therapist-client relationship. The authors give an example of a case-treatment. (Zach Rowinski 2004-12-28)