The article focuses on regional patterns of fertility and its implications and examines where significant change in fertility has taken place. Using eco-development regions as the units of analysis and data from 1971 and 1991 population censuses, the study examines regional-level changes in fertility and its association with selected socioeconomic and development factors. The study results suggest a mixed pattern of fertility changes in the 15 eco-development regions during the 20-year period. Fertility has clearly declined in two of the 15 regions, which are characterized by high levels of social and human development. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2006-10-27)