This article begins by highlighting the work of several pioneers of altitude medicine, and their achievements in physiology and clinical observation. Tibetan medicine of the 17th century is then introduced, particularly the medical paintings (thangkas) and the conduct of traditional physicians. Finally, I mention recent British mountain exploration in central Tibet during 1996, 1997 and 1998 and the challenge of Sepu Kangri which, at 6,995m, is the highest peak of the eastern Nyangla Qen Tangla Shan.