Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) virtual surgical planning (VSP) of pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.; Methods: This study was conducted with lateral cephalograms acquired through cone-beam computed tomography records of 33 patients, divided into group 1-patients submitted to maxillary advancement and mandibular setback (n = 17) and group 2-patients submitted to maxillomandibular advancement (n = 16). Records were taken 1 to 2 months prior to surgery, which was used to perform the 2D VSP (Tp), and 6 to 8 months after surgery (T1). In Dolphin Imaging software, the anteroposterior size of the PAS was calculated at the level of four craniometric points: A, occlusal plane (Mx), B, and pogonion (Pog). Two previously calibrated examiners performed these measurements. Statistical analyses were conducted using Kendall and t tests at a 5% level of significance.; Results: There was a concordance between the two examiners at all points and times. In group 1, points A and B have statistically significant differences between the PAS measurements performed in Tp and T1, while in group 2, none of the PAS points showed statistically significant differences when comparing Tp to T1.; Conclusions: 2D computer-based cephalometric prediction in Dolphin Imaging software offers a good orientation to professionals during the surgical procedure of bimaxillary surgeries since its use is considered clinically relevant in daily practice.;
An accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) in serum samples using a stable isotope labeling strategy. Amino acid samples and standards were, respectively, derivatized by 10-methyl-acridone-2-sulfonyl chloride (d0-MASC) and its deuterated counterpart d3-MASC to form isotopic pairs which co-eluted and were detected by an MS detector at the same time. Accurate internal standard-based quantification was thereby achieved without the use of any internal standard analogy. The labeling reaction of MASC with amino acids is fast, simple and robust. Besides, derivatization increased the molecular weight of amino acids, and therefore they were shifted out of the background noise which was often observed in low mass region. The instrument LODs were in the range of 1.0-2.5 nmol/L. Linearities calculated by comparing theoretical peak area ratios of d0-/d3-MASC derivatives with the experimental peak area ratios were excellent with correlation coefficients of >0.995. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of amino acids in serum samples with high sensitivity and accuracy.
The hippocampus and cerebral neocortex receive massive cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain. These projections arise predominantly within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, also known as the Ch4 cell group. The cholinergic projection of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in sustaining episodic memory, attention, and experience-induced neuroplasticity. Progressive neurofibrillary degeneration in the nucleus basalis can be seen throughout the continuum that leads from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The resultant perturbation of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission may contribute to the cognitive changes seen in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease.
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This article introduces The RULER Approach ("RULER") to social and emotional learning, with a particular focus on its Feeling Words Curriculum. Through this curriculum, RULER contributes to the ultimate goals of an English language arts education--preparing students to achieve personal, social, and academic goals and to be engaged and contributing citizens. RULER complements the English language arts curriculum and draws on national learning standards to develop language skills in reading, writing, listening, speaking, and visually representing information. This article describes how RULER simultaneously reinforces student learning in the English language arts and develops 5 critical emotion skills--recognizing, understanding, labeling, expressing, and regulating emotion. (Contains 1 figure, 1 footnote, and 2 tables.)
Mindfulness-based cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has shown to be effective in the relapse prevention and treatment of several psychiatric disorders. However, MBCT has not yet been applied in OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder). This article pro- poses an adaptation of the eight-session group program for patients with residual symptoms af- ter cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) with exposure. It has proven feasible and was consider- ed helpful by patients within the framework of a pilot study [1]. Apart from an overview of the modified manual, OCD-specific elements are presented in detail and illustrated on the base of work sheets. The manual indicates that MBCT could be a useful supplement to CBT and is well applicable to the therapeutic needs of patients with OCD.
Website of the Association for Contemplative Mind in Higher Education. The website includes a bibliography related to contemplative practice and contemplative education, including several papers written by fellows of the Association available as PDFs on the website.
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<p>This article is an acoustic analysis of the Maithili diphthongs. The article attempts to analyze topics such as the possible difference of the perceived diphthong from the perception of a pair of vowels. With the help of some attributes gathered from the results of a spectrographic study of the Maithili diphthongs, the article concludes that the phonetic features emerging from the consideration of diphthongs in a particular language are not necessarily sufficient or optimal to characterize the phenomenon in general. The most significant attributes of the Maithili diphthongs are two: (i) their onset frequency position and (ii) their second-format rate of change, which is always very stable in these diphthongs across changes in duration conditions. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-31)</p>
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We recorded electrical activity from 532 neurons in the rostral part of inferior area 6 (area F5) of two macaque monkeys. Previous data had shown that neurons of this area discharge during goal-directed hand and mouth movements. We describe here the properties of a newly discovered set of F5 neurons ("mirror neurons', n = 92) all of which became active both when the monkey performed a given action and when it observed a similar action performed by the experimenter. Mirror neurons, in order to be visually triggered, required an interaction between the agent of the action and the object of it. The sight of the agent alone or of the object alone (three-dimensional objects, food) were ineffective. Hand and the mouth were by far the most effective agents. The actions most represented among those activating mirror neurons were grasping, manipulating and placing. In most mirror neurons (92%) there was a clear relation between the visual action they responded to and the motor response they coded. In approximately 30% of mirror neurons the congruence was very strict and the effective observed and executed actions corresponded both in terms of general action (e.g. grasping) and in terms of the way in which that action was executed (e.g. precision grip). We conclude by proposing that mirror neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca's region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans and could be involved in recognition of actions as well as phonetic gestures.
Pangu. is a disease caused by vitiated Vata. It is described among 80 Vata rogas. Sahacaradi yoga of Astanga Hrdaya was adopted for the study. Sixty patients of either sex selected from the Out Patient Department of the Institute were grouped into two at random. One group was put in Sodhana cum Samana and the other in Samana alone. The result in both blocks was statistically significant.
Homopolymer PAN and triblock copolymer PAN-<b>b</b>-PMMA-<b>b</b>-PAN synthesized by RAFT polymerization were used to fabricate activated hierarchical porous carbon membranes by combining phase inversion, carbonization, and HNO3 activation method; during the preparation process, a lot of micro- and meso-pores generated because of phase separation of PAN and microphase separation of PAN-<b>b</b>-PMMA-<b>b</b>-PAN. The hierarchical porous structure shortened ions transport paths and facilitated the rapid migration of electrolyte ions. When the polymer membrane was prepared by the casting solution with 5 wt% of PAN-<b>b</b>-PMMA-<b>b</b>-PAN and the electrochemical performance was tested at the current densities from 0.5 to 5 A g−1, a high-end specific capacitance of 297.0 F g−1 and a capacitance retention of 75% were obtained in three-electrode configuration; this specific capacitance remained above 90% of initial value after 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Moreover, symmetric supercapacitors assembled with the prepared materials achieved high energy density (15.8 Wh Kg−1) and power density (4000 W Kg−1) in 1 M Na2SO4 solution. The unique features and structures endowed the electrode membrane with good capacitive performance in both three-electrode and two-electrode configuration, which can be used as electrode membranes for high-performance energy storage devices and other applications.<br><br>Display Omitted<br>• An electrode membrane of activated hierarchical porous carbon was fabricated • Micro- and meso-pores generated due to the phase and microphase separation. • Effects of copolymer concentration on structure and performance were studied • High electrochemical performance for supercapacitor was obtained.
To gain insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in Zen meditation, we evaluated the effects of focused attention (FA) on breathing movements in the lower abdomen (Tanden) in novices. We investigated hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an attention-related brain region, using 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy during a 20-minute session of FA on Tanden breathing in 15 healthy volunteers. We found that the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the anterior PFC was significantly increased during FA on Tanden breathing, accompanied by a reduction in feelings of negative mood compared to before the meditation session. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed increased alpha band activity and decreased theta band activity during and after FA on Tanden breathing. EEG changes were correlated with a significant increase in whole blood serotonin (5-HT) levels. These results suggest that activation of the anterior PFC and 5-HT system may be responsible for the improvement of negative mood and EEG signal changes observed during FA on Tanden breathing.
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<p>The challenges we face can be difficult even to think about. Climate change, the depletion of oil, economic upheaval, and mass extinction together create a planetary emergency of overwhelming proportions. Active Hope shows us how to strengthen our capacity to face this crisis so that we can respond with unexpected resilience and creative power. Drawing on decades of teaching an empowerment approach known as the Work That Reconnects, the authors guide us through a transformational process informed by mythic journeys, modern psychology, spirituality, and holistic science. This process equips us with tools to face the mess we’re in and play our role in the collective transition, or Great Turning, to a life-sustaining society.</p>
Work stress, worry, anxiety, fatigue? Want to learn meditation, mindfulness, time-management, balance, and efficiency? Active Relaxation is a practical guide for anyone, from executives to mothers, to students, to laborers, who wants to be more productive and less anxious. It contains a plethora of simple and effective tools that help the reader reduce stress and achieve balance. The book is aimed toward people who want to live a more relaxed and balanced lifestyle, but have no time for traditional forms of relaxation, have tried them without success, or fear that relaxing may sacrifice their success.
This book provides descriptions of 76 engaging activities that can be used to teach children, adolescents, and adults valuable social, emotional, and problem-solving skills. Some of the skills taught include identifying and expressing one's own emotions, identifying emotions in others, coping with stressors, making and keeping friends, setting goals, and solving real-life problems. The game and challenge aspects of the activities engage the trainee in the activity, while the instructional aspects of the book explain to the trainee how and when to apply a skill in everyday life. The book provides background information on the value of the skills taught by the activities, guidance on how to use the activities to maximum effect, and examples of how various types of trainees reacted to the activities. Counselors, psychotherapists, teachers, and parents can use the activities to facilitate the development of important skills in maladjusted or well-adjusted individuals. Some chapters explore activities that teach: how to identify and talk about emotions; problem-solving skills; and coping methods. Other chapters explore activities that foster: self-confidence; a positive outlook; value clarification, goal setting, and planning; persistence, and enhancing social skills. Commercial Games are appended. A list of references and an index conclude the book. A foreword by Rhea Zakich is also included.
"Hundreds of user-friendly lesson plans help teachers build attitudes of respect and caring, reduce problem behaviors, empower students to solve problems, and educate the whole child socially, emotionally, and academically. The lessons' literature-based connections allow teachers to "build in" rather than "add on" social-emotional learning (SEL) as part of the daily curriculum. Each resource guide offers: - Monthly themes focused on emotions, empathy, relationships, conflict resolution, bullying prevention, problem solving, decision making, teamwork, and self-esteem - Literature-based lessons with curriculum integrations for using the lessons as part of language arts, social studies, science, math, art, and music - Easy-to-implement lesson formats
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