Aphoristic work, with commentary, on the basic tenets of the Sāṅkhya philosophy; includes a treatise on its fundamental considerations.
Background. Xiaotong Tiegao (XTT) is an ancient topical Tibetan medicine plaster which is widely used in China. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) caused by XTT is very common. It is still unclear why some people are more prone to develop ICD. The aim of this study is to study the baseline skin biophysical parameters and patch test results in individuals predisposing to XTT induced ICD. Methods. During a four-month period, 149 healthy volunteers with ICD and 50 volunteers without ICD after applying XTT were recruited. The skin biophysical parameters were measured, and contact allergy to 20 common allergens was patch tested, at two weeks after the ICD was recovered. Results. There were no significant differences in age and sex between ICD and control groups. It was found that skin median melanin value (176.50 vs 189.50, P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) and erythema value (319.90 ± 70.49 vs 347.93 ± 84.55, P < 0.05, Independent-Samples T test) were much lower in ICD than control group. Overall patch test results were not different, but the positivity rate of nickel sulfate (15.44% vs 4.00%, P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test) was significantly higher in ICD group. Conclusions. In conclusion, people with nickel allergy, lower values of skin melanin, and erythema are predisposing to develop ICD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Background: Xiaotong Tiegao (XTT) is an ancient topical Tibetan medicine plaster which is widely used in China. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) caused by XTT is very common. It is still unclear why some people are more prone to develop ICD. The aim of this study is to study the baseline skin biophysical parameters and patch test results in individuals predisposing to XTT induced ICD. Methods: During a four-month period, 149 healthy volunteers with ICD and 50 volunteers without ICD after applying XTT were recruited. The skin biophysical parameters were measured, and contact allergy to 20 common allergens was patch tested, at two weeks after the ICD was recovered. Results: There were no significant differences in age and sex between ICD and control groups. It was found that skin median melanin value (176.50 vs 189.50, P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) and erythema value (319.90 ± 70.49 vs 347.93 ± 84.55, P < 0.05, Independent-Samples T test) were much lower in ICD than control group. Overall patch test results were not different, but the positivity rate of nickel sulfate (15.44% vs 4.00%, P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test) was significantly higher in ICD group. Conclusions: In conclusion, people with nickel allergy, lower values of skin melanin, and erythema are predisposing to develop ICD.
People show autonomic responses when they empathize with the suffering of another person. However, little is known about how these autonomic changes are related to prosocial behavior. We measured skin conductance responses (SCRs) and affect ratings in participants while either receiving painful stimulation themselves, or observing pain being inflicted on another person. In a later session, they could prevent the infliction of pain in the other by choosing to endure pain themselves. Our results show that the strength of empathy-related vicarious skin conductance responses predicts later costly helping. Moreover, the higher the match between SCR magnitudes during the observation of pain in others and SCR magnitude during self pain, the more likely a person is to engage in costly helping. We conclude that prosocial motivation is fostered by the strength of the vicarious autonomic response as well as its match with first-hand autonomic experience.
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<p><strong>Creator's Description</strong>: Following Chinese occupation, all types of ritual territories recognized by Tibetans across the Tibetan plateau either became defunct, or went into abeyance and then revived -- often spectacularly -- in modified forms. This study deals with an example of non-revival and strategic withdrawal from one regionally and locally important Tibetan ritual territory. It provides a case study of developments up to 1995 at the mountain known as "Eastern Conch Mountain" (Shar dung ri) in A mdo Shar khog. The study documents why all major pilgrimage activities around the mountain were left in abeyance in spite of the real possibilities Tibetans had for reviving them once again. Important factors in this process are identified in the dynamics of the local post-1980 revival of Tibetan religion in Shar khog, changing attitudes towards demanding ritual practices, and the regime of modern developments that have been vigorously promoted around Eastern Conch Mountain by the Chinese state, including the banishment of lepers, tourism, mountaineering, nature conservation, and efforts to inscribe seminal aspects of modern Chinese nationalism, such as the Long March, upon an older Tibetan cultural landscape.</p>
An excerpt from the book "Extracting the Essence of the Three Bodies," by 'Jigs-med, gling-pa, Rang-byung rDo-rje is presented.
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