<p>This brief article compares a list of 41 names of the Abbots of Kaḣ-thog Monastery, written by Katok Ontul in the late 1960's, with other sources. It includes a transliterated version of the list with notes on each name drawn from other sources. (Ben Deitle 2005-11-01)</p>
INTRODUCTION: Surmang, Qinghai Province is a rural nomadic Tibetan region in western China recently devastated by the 2010 Yushu earthquake; little information is available on access and coverage of maternal and child health services.METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in August 2004. 402 women of reproductive age (15-50) were interviewed regarding their pregnancy history, access to and utilization of health care, and infant and child health care practices.
RESULTS: Women's access to education was low at 15% for any formal schooling; adult female literacy was <20%. One third of women received any antenatal care during their last pregnancy. Institutional delivery and skilled birth attendance were <1%, and there were no reported cesarean deliveries. Birth was commonly attended by a female relative, and 8% of women delivered alone. Use of unsterilized instrument to cut the umbilical cord was nearly universal (94%), while coverage for tetanus toxoid immunization was only 14%. Traditional Tibetan healers were frequently sought for problems during pregnancy (70%), the post partum period (87%), and for childhood illnesses (74%). Western medicine (61%) was preferred over Tibetan medicine (9%) for preventive antenatal care. The average time to reach a health facility was 4.3 hours. Postpartum infectious morbidity appeared to be high, but only 3% of women with postpartum problems received western medical care. 64% of recently pregnant women reported that they were very worried about dying in childbirth. The community reported 3 maternal deaths and 103 live births in the 19 months prior to the survey.
CONCLUSIONS: While China is on track to achieve national Millennium Development Goal targets for maternal and child health, women and children in Surmang suffer from substantial health inequities in access to antenatal, skilled birth and postpartum care. Institutional delivery, skilled attendance and cesarean delivery are virtually inaccessible, and consequently maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are likely high. Urgent action is needed to improve access to maternal, neonatal and child health care in these marginalized populations. The reconstruction after the recent earthquake provides a unique opportunity to link this population with the health system.
INTRODUCTION: Surmang, Qinghai Province is a rural nomadic Tibetan region in western China recently devastated by the 2010 Yushu earthquake; little information is available on access and coverage of maternal and child health services. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in August 2004. 402 women of reproductive age (15-50) were interviewed regarding their pregnancy history, access to and utilization of health care, and infant and child health care practices. RESULTS: Women's access to education was low at 15% for any formal schooling; adult female literacy was <20%. One third of women received any antenatal care during their last pregnancy. Institutional delivery and skilled birth attendance were <1%, and there were no reported cesarean deliveries. Birth was commonly attended by a female relative, and 8% of women delivered alone. Use of unsterilized instrument to cut the umbilical cord was nearly universal (94%), while coverage for tetanus toxoid immunization was only 14%. Traditional Tibetan healers were frequently sought for problems during pregnancy (70%), the post partum period (87%), and for childhood illnesses (74%). Western medicine (61%) was preferred over Tibetan medicine (9%) for preventive antenatal care. The average time to reach a health facility was 4.3 hours. Postpartum infectious morbidity appeared to be high, but only 3% of women with postpartum problems received western medical care. 64% of recently pregnant women reported that they were very worried about dying in childbirth. The community reported 3 maternal deaths and 103 live births in the 19 months prior to the survey. CONCLUSIONS: While China is on track to achieve national Millennium Development Goal targets for maternal and child health, women and children in Surmang suffer from substantial health inequities in access to antenatal, skilled birth and postpartum care. Institutional delivery, skilled attendance and cesarean delivery are virtually inaccessible, and consequently maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are likely high. Urgent action is needed to improve access to maternal, neonatal and child health care in these marginalized populations. The reconstruction after the recent earthquake provides a unique opportunity to link this population with the health system.
<p>A Tibetan-Chinese dictionary of Buddhist terminology.</p>
<p>A Tibetan-English dictionary of about 2,350 items. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p>This dictionary is ostensibly a new edition of the author's 1978 dictionary GOLDSTEIN, Melvyn C. (<em>Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan</em>), though many times its size. His analysis of grammar, and specifically of verb categories, has not changed since the 1978 version despite significant strides in modern research. This book is more a glossary than a dictionary, it contains more words than probably any dictionary, but gives no citations and contains many misprints and faulty cross references. Essentially the editor has put many (over 21) other dictionaries together. My impression is that it relies most heavily on ZHANG (<em>Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo / Zang Han Da Cidian [Great Tibetan Chinese Dictionary]</em>). Although this work is useful for reading texts, especially modern, it fails to contribute to scientific lexicography. An addendum and corrigienda is available at the website: http://www.cwru.edu/affil/tibet/addendum.html (Nathan Hill, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p>A Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p>A Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p><strong>Creator's Description</strong>: This article will show how Si tu paṇ chen became familar with many artistic schools and their aesthetics, how he gained the skills to appraise Tibetan painting and sculpture both critically and technically, and how he also developed as a self-trained artist.Using his own writings, I will discuss Si tu paṇ chen, the artist and how his connoisseurship and wider learning influenced his own paintings and statuary. Furthermore, I will make an assessment of his subsequent artistic influence; his celebrated status among his contemporaries, his lasting artistic influence on his disciples and the defining of the Dpal spungs school style. Finally, using the writings of late nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars I will assess the impact of Si tu paṇ chen on the Karma sgar bris style and the classifying of the Karma sgar bris gsar ma. (2013-07-01)</p>
The objective of this study was to compare a Tibetan traditional medicine (the uterotonic Zhi Byed 11 [ZB11]) to oral misoprostol for prophylaxis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial at three hospitals in Lhasa, Tibet, People''s Republic of China. Women (N = 967) were randomized to either ZB11 or misoprostol groups. Postpartum blood loss was measured in a calibrated blood collection drape. The primary combined outcome was incidence of PPH, defined as measured blood loss (MBL) ≥ 500 mL, administration of open label uterotonics, or maternal death. We found that the rate of the combined outcome was lower among the misoprostol group (16.1% versus 21.8% for ZB11; P = .02). Frequency of PPH was lower with misoprostol (12.4% versus 17.4%; P = .02). There were no significant differences in MBL > 1000 mL or mean or median MBL. Fever was significantly more common in the misoprostol group (P = .03). The rate of combined outcome was significantly lower among women receiving misoprostol. However, other indices of obstetric hemorrhage were not significantly different.
<p>A Tibetan-Chinese list of chemical terminology. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p>This article looks at the effects that the Dogra invasions of Ladakh had on the Buddhist religion in the region. After outlining the difficulties associated with Ladakh's loss of political autonomy, Shakspo discusses the steps taken during the first half of the 20th century to revive Buddhism in the region. (Mark Premo-Hopkins 2004-07-09)</p>
<p>This dictionary gives Sanskrit in Tibetan transliteration with the Tibetan and Chinese equivalents. (David Germano 2007-12-13, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-02-05)</p>
<p>A Chinese-Tibetan dictionary of zoology. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
<p>A Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary of Tibetan medicine. (Michael Walter and Manfred Taube 2006-05-15, revised by Bill McGrath 2008-01-03)</p>
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