<p>This paper studies the development of a modern sense of "nationalism" by Tibetans, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper argues that since the 1950s China's policies in Tibet have actually increased the sense of nationalism among Tibetans. It explores how this national identity has been expressed by Tibetans, mainly in the form of protests and religious activity, and what it might mean for the future of Tibet. (Ben Deitle 2006-03-09)</p>
<p><strong>Publisher's Description:</strong> This volume focuses on the interface between Mongolian and Tibetan cultures and aims to create a platform to encourage the development of new forms of scholarship across geographical and disciplinary boundaries. This forum lets new materials emerge and brings to the fore a variety of different approaches to studying Mongolian and Tibetan cultures and societies. The papers in this volume deal not only with the substantial Mongolian contribution to and engagement with Tibetan Buddhism, but also with multiple readings of shared history and religion, reconstruction of traditions, shifting ethnic boundaries and the broader political context of the Mongolian-Tibetan relationship.</p>
<p>This paper looks at the mythical and astrological role of the turtle in Tibet. Turtles play an important role in several creation myths, several short examples of which are translated here. They also are found in Tibetan astrology and ritual. The paper ends with a detailed explanation of the symbolism of two Tibetan paintings of "Lungta Strongholds" (rlung rta'i mkhar), which at their centers feature the mythic figure Kongtse Trülgyi Gyelpo (kong rtse 'phrul gyi rgyal po) on the back of a turtle. (Ben Deitle 2006-05-03)</p>
<p>This paper examines three catalogues (dkar chag) of the Tenjur, or Tengyur (bstan 'gyur), written by Ngorchen Künga Zangpo (ngor chen kun dga' bzang po, 1382-1456) in order to determine their relationship to other presently known editions of the Tenjur. The paper is followed by an appendix which gives a full transcription of one of the catalogues found in a manuscript from Mustang, Nepal. (Ben Deitle 2006-05-03)</p>
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