Objective(1) Evaluate feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based group in adolescent girls at-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) with depressive symptoms, and (2) compare efficacy of a mindfulness-based versus cognitive-behavioral group for decreasing depressive symptoms and improving insulin resistance.
Design and setting
Parallel-group, randomized controlled pilot trial conducted at a university.
Participants
Thirty-three girls 12–17y with overweight/obesity, family history of diabetes, and elevated depressive symptoms were randomized to a six-week mindfulness-based (n = 17) or cognitive-behavioral program (n = 16).
Interventions
Both interventions included six, one-hour weekly group sessions. The mindfulness-based program included guided mindfulness awareness practices. The cognitive-behavioral program involved cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation.
Main outcome measures
Adolescents were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, and six-months. Feasibility/acceptability were measured by attendance and program ratings. Depressive symptoms were assessed by validated survey. Insulin resistance was determined from fasting insulin and glucose, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition.
Results
Most adolescents attended ≥80% sessions (mindfulness: 92% versus cognitive-behavioral: 87%, p = 1.00). Acceptability ratings were strong. At post-treatment and six-months, adolescents in the mindfulness condition had greater decreases in depressive symptoms than adolescents in the cognitive-behavioral condition (ps < .05). Compared to the cognitive-behavioral condition, adolescents in the mindfulness-based intervention also had greater decreases in insulin resistance and fasting insulin at post-treatment, adjusting for fat mass and other covariates (ps < .05).
Conclusions
A mindfulness-based intervention shows feasibility and acceptability in girls at-risk for T2D with depressive symptoms. Compared to a cognitive-behavioral program, after the intervention, adolescents who received mindfulness showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms and better insulin resistance.
The purposes of this pilot study were to address these limitations and to test the effect of mindfulness on depression and anxiety for minority children. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined. An experimental design was used comparing minority children who received mindfulness intervention (MI) to those who received health education intervention (HEI) immediately pre- and post-intervention. Eighteen children were recruited from a summer camp; one was lost to follow-up. The MI used a program designed specifically for children by Mindful Schools. This program includes attention to breath, mindful movement, and generosity. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with one between factor and one repeated measures factor. There was a significant interaction between group and time for depressive symptoms. Children receiving mindfulness reported lower levels over time compared to those receiving health education. These results show promise for the use of mindfulness to decrease particularly depressive symptoms in minority children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
The purposes of this pilot study were to address these limitations and to test the effect of mindfulness on depression and anxiety for minority children. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined. An experimental design was used comparing minority children who received mindfulness intervention (MI) to those who received health education intervention (HEI) immediately pre- and post-intervention. Eighteen children were recruited from a summer camp; one was lost to follow-up. The MI used a program designed specifically for children by Mindful Schools. This program includes attention to breath, mindful movement, and generosity. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with one between factor and one repeated measures factor. There was a significant interaction between group and time for depressive symptoms. Children receiving mindfulness reported lower levels over time compared to those receiving health education. These results show promise for the use of mindfulness to decrease particularly depressive symptoms in minority children.
<p>This field report describes a community-based project that incorporates game playing to enhance an existing mindfulness-based stress reduction approach for children. The first phase of teh project involved content analysis of children's diary recordings their experiences of participating in a mindfulness intervention. In the second phase, focus groups conducted with a group of these children guided the development of a game-playing script that could be used in delivery of a mindfulness program. Significant lessons are offered regarding incorporating game-playing into a mindfulness program that recognizes the voices of children and respects their experiences.</p>
Zotero Collections:
Objectives: To examine whether mindfulness meditation (MM) was associated with changes in objectively measured polysomnographic (PSG) sleep profiles and to relate changes in PSG sleep to subjectively reported changes in sleep and depression within the context of a randomized controlled trial. Previous studies have indicated that mindfulness and other forms of meditation training are associated with improvements in sleep quality. However, none of these studies used objective PSG sleep recordings within longitudinal randomized controlled trials of naïve subjects.
Methods: Twenty-six individuals with partially remitted depression were randomized into an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) course or a waitlist control condition. Pre-post measurements included PSG sleep studies and subjectively reported sleep and depression symptoms.
Results: According to PSG sleep, MM practice was associated with several indices of increased cortical arousal, including more awakenings and stage 1 sleep and less slow-wave sleep relative to controls, in proportion to amount of MM practice. According to sleep diaries, subjectively reported sleep improved post MBCT but not above and beyond controls. Beck Depression Inventory scores decreased more in the MBCT group than controls. Improvements in depression were associated with increased subjective sleep continuity and increased PSG arousal.
Conclusions: MM is associated with increases in objectively measured arousal during sleep with simultaneous improvements in subjectively reported sleep quality and mood disturbance. This pattern is similar to the profiles of positive responders to common antidepressant medications.
Zotero Collections:
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether mindfulness meditation (MM) was associated with changes in objectively measured polysomnographic (PSG) sleep profiles and to relate changes in PSG sleep to subjectively reported changes in sleep and depression within the context of a randomized controlled trial. Previous studies have indicated that mindfulness and other forms of meditation training are associated with improvements in sleep quality. However, none of these studies used objective PSG sleep recordings within longitudinal randomized controlled trials of naïve subjects.
METHODS: Twenty-six individuals with partially remitted depression were randomized into an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) course or a waitlist control condition. Pre-post measurements included PSG sleep studies and subjectively reported sleep and depression symptoms.
RESULTS: According to PSG sleep, MM practice was associated with several indices of increased cortical arousal, including more awakenings and stage 1 sleep and less slow-wave sleep relative to controls, in proportion to amount of MM practice. According to sleep diaries, subjectively reported sleep improved post MBCT but not above and beyond controls. Beck Depression Inventory scores decreased more in the MBCT group than controls. Improvements in depression were associated with increased subjective sleep continuity and increased PSG arousal.
CONCLUSIONS: MM is associated with increases in objectively measured arousal during sleep with simultaneous improvements in subjectively reported sleep quality and mood disturbance. This pattern is similar to the profiles of positive responders to common antidepressant medications.
Zotero Collections:
BACKGROUND:Depression is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse and recurrence. The most commonly used strategy to prevent relapse/recurrence is maintenance treatment with antidepressant medication (mADM). Recently, it has been shown that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is at least as effective as mADM in reducing the relapse/recurrence risk. However, it is not yet known whether combination treatment of MBCT and mADM is more effective than either of these treatments alone. Given the fact that most patients have a preference for either mADM or for MBCT, the aim of the present study is to answer the following questions. First, what is the effectiveness of MBCT in addition to mADM? Second, how large is the risk of relapse/recurrence in patients withdrawing from mADM after participating in MBCT, compared to those who continue to use mADM after MBCT?
METHODS/DESIGN:
Two parallel-group, multi-center randomized controlled trials are conducted. Adult patients with a history of depression (3 or more episodes), currently either in full or partial remission and currently treated with mADM (6 months or longer) are recruited. In the first trial, we compare mADM on its own with mADM plus MBCT. In the second trial, we compare MBCT on its own, including tapering of mADM, with mADM plus MBCT. Follow-up assessments are administered at 3-month intervals for 15 months. Primary outcome is relapse/recurrence. Secondary outcomes are time to, duration and severity of relapse/recurrence, quality of life, personality, several process variables, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
DISCUSSION:
Taking into account patient preferences, this study will provide information about a) the clinical and cost-effectiveness of mADM only compared with mADM plus MBCT, in patients with a preference for mADM, and b) the clinical and cost-effectiveness of withdrawing from mADM after MBCT, compared with mADM plus MBCT, in patients with a preference for MBCT.
<b>Creator's Description</b>: This book is a study of the changing relations between members of the priestly caste (Brahmins) and a group of untouchables (Sarkis or Cobblers) over the period from the 1950s to the 1960s in a Hindu village in the Far Western Hills of Nepal. From a position of almost total economic dependence on the Brahmins, the untouchables became increasingly independent because of the new economic opportunities available in the expanding economy of the area. As a result, they began to oppose the Brahmins politically.The fieldwork on which this book was based was carried out in the vicinity of Dailekh, the district capital of the area during the calendar year 1969. It was part of a project of research on aspects of social change in Nepal, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council of Great Britain (now the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK). This project was based at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and was associated with the London-Cornell Himalayan Research Project, directed by the late Professor Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf.
Fieldwork was carried out with the help of two Nepalese research assistants (Hari Prasad Koirala and Khagendra Malla) and included censuses, participant observation, and detailed interviews which were tape-recorded and transcribed. The major topics covered were inter-caste relations, land tenure, migration to India by low castes, and new sources of cash income.
Although this work is now almost 40 years old, it does reveal very graphically the levels of social inequality, based largely upon caste, which obtained in the middle hills of Nepal, and indeed the rest of the country.
<p><strong>Creator's Description</strong>: This book is a study of the changing relations between members of the priestly caste (Brahmins) and a group of untouchables (Sarkis or Cobblers) over the period from the 1950s to the 1960s in a Hindu village in the Far Western Hills of Nepal. From a position of almost total economic dependence on the Brahmins, the untouchables became increasingly independent because of the new economic opportunities available in the expanding economy of the area. As a result, they began to oppose the Brahmins politically.The fieldwork on which this book was based was carried out in the vicinity of Dailekh, the district capital of the area during the calendar year 1969. It was part of a project of research on aspects of social change in Nepal, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council of Great Britain (now the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK). This project was based at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and was associated with the London-Cornell Himalayan Research Project, directed by the late Professor Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf. Fieldwork was carried out with the help of two Nepalese research assistants (Hari Prasad Koirala and Khagendra Malla) and included censuses, participant observation, and detailed interviews which were tape-recorded and transcribed. The major topics covered were inter-caste relations, land tenure, migration to India by low castes, and new sources of cash income. Although this work is now almost 40 years old, it does reveal very graphically the levels of social inequality, based largely upon caste, which obtained in the middle hills of Nepal, and indeed the rest of the country.</p>
<p><strong>Creator's Description</strong>: This book is a study of the changing relations between members of the priestly caste (Brahmins) and a group of untouchables (Sarkis or Cobblers) over the period from the 1950s to the 1960s in a Hindu village in the Far Western Hills of Nepal. From a position of almost total economic dependence on the Brahmins, the untouchables became increasingly independent because of the new economic opportunities available in the expanding economy of the area. As a result, they began to oppose the Brahmins politically.The fieldwork on which this book was based was carried out in the vicinity of Dailekh, the district capital of the area during the calendar year 1969. It was part of a project of research on aspects of social change in Nepal, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council of Great Britain (now the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK). This project was based at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and was associated with the London-Cornell Himalayan Research Project, directed by the late Professor Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf. Fieldwork was carried out with the help of two Nepalese research assistants (Hari Prasad Koirala and Khagendra Malla) and included censuses, participant observation, and detailed interviews which were tape-recorded and transcribed. The major topics covered were inter-caste relations, land tenure, migration to India by low castes, and new sources of cash income. Although this work is now almost 40 years old, it does reveal very graphically the levels of social inequality, based largely upon caste, which obtained in the middle hills of Nepal, and indeed the rest of the country.</p>
Zotero Collections:
OBJECTIVE:Given the importance of developmental transitions on young adults' lives and the high rates of mental health issues among U.S. college students, first-year college students can be particularly vulnerable to stress and adversity. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of mindfulness training aiming to promote first-year college students' health and wellbeing.
PARTICIPANTS:
109 freshmen were recruited from residential halls (50% Caucasian, 66% female). Data collection was completed in November 2014.
METHODS:
A randomized control trial was conducted utilizing the Learning to BREATHE (L2B) program, a universal mindfulness program adapted to match the developmental tasks of college transition.
RESULTS:
Participation in the pilot intervention was associated with significant increase in students' life satisfaction, and significant decrease in depression and anxiety. Marginally significant decrease was found for sleep issues and alcohol consequences.
CONCLUSIONS:
Mindfulness-based programs may be an effective strategy to enhance a healthy transition into college.
We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the Community Approach to Learning Mindfully (CALM) program for educators. CALM is a brief daily school-based intervention to promote educator social-emotional competencies, stress management, and wellbeing. Two middle schools were randomly assigned to waitlist control condition or the CALM program. Participants included 64 educators. Intervention sessions included gentle yoga and mindfulness practices and were offered 4 days per week for 16 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements included self-report surveys of social-emotional functioning and wellbeing, blood pressure readings, and diurnal assays of cortisol. Compared to the control condition, CALM had significant benefits for educators’ mindfulness, positive affect, classroom management, distress tolerance, physical symptoms, blood pressure, and cortisol awakening response. There were trend-level effects for two measures related to stress and burnout. No impacts were observed for relational trust, perceived stress, or sleep. Effect sizes for significant impacts ranged from 0.52 to 0.80. Educators found the intervention feasible and beneficial as a method for managing stress and promoting wellbeing. Initial evidence suggests that CALM has potential as a strategy to improve educators’ social-emotional competence and wellbeing, prevent stress-related problems, and support classroom functioning.
We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the Community Approach to Learning Mindfully (CALM) program for educators. CALM is a brief daily school-based intervention to promote educator social-emotional competencies, stress management, and wellbeing. Two middle schools were randomly assigned to waitlist control condition or the CALM program. Participants included 64 educators. Intervention sessions included gentle yoga and mindfulness practices and were offered 4 days per week for 16 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements included self-report surveys of social-emotional functioning and wellbeing, blood pressure readings, and diurnal assays of cortisol. Compared to the control condition, CALM had significant benefits for educators’ mindfulness, positive affect, classroom management, distress tolerance, physical symptoms, blood pressure, and cortisol awakening response. There were trend-level effects for two measures related to stress and burnout. No impacts were observed for relational trust, perceived stress, or sleep. Effect sizes for significant impacts ranged from 0.52 to 0.80. Educators found the intervention feasible and beneficial as a method for managing stress and promoting wellbeing. Initial evidence suggests that CALM has potential as a strategy to improve educators’ social-emotional competence and wellbeing, prevent stress-related problems, and support classroom functioning.
The present study, which takes place in a high-poverty section of a large urban area of the northeastern United States, is based upon the prosocial classroom theoretical model that emphasizes the significance of teachers' social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher-student relationships, effective classroom management, and social and emotional learning (SEL) program effectiveness. These factors, as well as teachers' classroom management and instructional skills contribute to creating a classroom climate that is conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental behavioral and academic outcomes among students. Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education (CARE) is a mindfulness-based professional development program designed to reduce stress, promote SEC and improve teachers' performance and classroom learning environments. From 8 elementary schools the authors recruited and consented 55 teachers (90.2% female, mean age = 39.41). They had relatively low attrition (7.2%) which was largely balanced across treatment and control conditions, resulting in a diverse sample of 51 teachers (53% white). All were regular lead teachers working in a self-contained classroom setting. The results reported here are from an IES-funded 4-year efficacy and replication study of CARE. The data are from the teacher self-report collected from the first year cohort of the cluster randomized controlled trial. After the teachers completed self-reports they were randomly assigned within schools to receive the CARE intervention or to a wait-list control group. After the treatment group received the CARE program, the same self-report battery was administered to both groups. A figure is appended.
The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers’ SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learning outcomes for students.
Zotero Collections:
The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers' social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher-student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers' SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learning outcomes for students. (Contains 1 figure.)
The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers' social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher-student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers' SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learning outcomes for students. (Contains 1 figure.)
<p>The objective of this review is to summarise the evidence for mindfulness and acceptance approaches in the treatment of adolescent depression. The article begins by summarising the outcomes of three broad approaches to the treatment of adolescent depression — primary prevention, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy — in order to advocate for advances in treatment. With regard to psychotherapy, we restrict this to comparisons of meta-analytic studies, in order to cover the breadth of the outcome literature. In the second half of this article, we introduce the reader to mindfulness and acceptance-based psychotherapy, with a particular focus on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the applicability with adolescents. We provide an overview of the philosophical arguments that underlie this approach to psychotherapy and consider how each of these might contribute to treatment approaches for adolescents with depression.</p>
Zotero Collections:
Activation of the induced receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) leads to initiation of NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways resulting in propagation and perpetuation of inflammation. RAGE knock out animals are less susceptible to acute inflammation and carcinogen induced tumor development. We have reported that most forms of tumor cell death result in release of the RAGE ligand, HMGB1. We now report a novel role for RAGE in the tumor cell response to stress. Targeted knockdown of RAGE in the tumor cell, leads to increased apoptosis, diminished autophagy and decreased tumor cell survival . In contrast, overexpression of RAGE is associated with enhanced autophagy, diminished apoptosis and greater tumor cell viability. RAGE limits apoptosis through a p53 dependent mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, RAGE-sustained autophagy is associated with decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and increased Beclin-1/VPS34 autophagosome formation. These findings demonstrate that the inflammatory receptor RAGE plays a heretofore unrecognized role in the tumor cell response to stress. Furthermore, these studies establish a direct link between inflammatory mediators in the tumor microenvironment and resistance to programmed cell death. Our data suggest that targeted inhibition of RAGE or its ligands may serve as novel targets to enhance current cancer therapies.
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, depression, diabetes self-care, and health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five participants (mean age = 63.4, SD = 10.2) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and the Short-Form-12v2 Health Survey. We used correlational analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Mindfulness was not correlated with diabetes self-care. However, mindfulness was negatively correlated with depression and positively correlated with mental health-related quality of life. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience were significant predictors of lower depression scores and better mental health-related quality of life scores after controlling for age and medical comorbidities. Dispositional mindfulness and, in particular, the ability to accept and respond to moment-to-moment experiences in a nonreactive way is associated with better mental health in type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal studies linking changes in various mindfulness facets over time, with and without training, to changes in diabetes outcomes are needed to further understand the role of mindfulness in this population.
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, depression, diabetes self-care, and health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five participants (mean age = 63.4, SD = 10.2) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and the Short-Form-12v2 Health Survey. We used correlational analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Mindfulness was not correlated with diabetes self-care. However, mindfulness was negatively correlated with depression and positively correlated with mental health-related quality of life. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience were significant predictors of lower depression scores and better mental health-related quality of life scores after controlling for age and medical comorbidities. Dispositional mindfulness and, in particular, the ability to accept and respond to moment-to-moment experiences in a nonreactive way is associated with better mental health in type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal studies linking changes in various mindfulness facets over time, with and without training, to changes in diabetes outcomes are needed to further understand the role of mindfulness in this population.
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, depression, diabetes self-care, and health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five participants (mean age = 63.4, SD = 10.2) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and the Short-Form-12v2 Health Survey. We used correlational analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Mindfulness was not correlated with diabetes self-care. However, mindfulness was negatively correlated with depression and positively correlated with mental health-related quality of life. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience were significant predictors of lower depression scores and better mental health-related quality of life scores after controlling for age and medical comorbidities. Dispositional mindfulness and, in particular, the ability to accept and respond to moment-to-moment experiences in a nonreactive way is associated with better mental health in type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal studies linking changes in various mindfulness facets over time, with and without training, to changes in diabetes outcomes are needed to further understand the role of mindfulness in this population.
PurposeThis study aims to examine if mindfulness is associated with pain catastrophizing, depression, disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer survivors with chronic neuropathic pain (CNP).
Method
We conducted a cross-sectional survey with cancer survivors experiencing CNP. Participants (n = 76) were men (24 %) and women (76 %) with an average age of 56.5 years (SD = 9.4). Participants were at least 1 year post-treatment, with no evidence of cancer, and with symptoms of neuropathic pain for more than three months. Participants completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), along with measures of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain interference, depression, and HRQOL.
Results
Mindfulness was negatively correlated with pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain interference, and depression, and it was positively correlated with mental health-related HRQOL. Regression analyses demonstrated that mindfulness was a negative predictor of pain intensity and depression and a positive predictor of mental HRQOL after controlling for pain catastrophizing, age, and gender. The two mindfulness facets that were most consistently associated with better outcomes were non-judging and acting with awareness. Mindfulness significantly moderated the relationships between pain intensity and pain catastrophizing and between pain intensity and pain interference.
Conclusion
It appears that mindfulness mitigates the impact of pain experiences in cancer survivors experiencing CNP post-treatment.
Pages |