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Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) virtual surgical planning (VSP) of pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.; Methods: This study was conducted with lateral cephalograms acquired through cone-beam computed tomography records of 33 patients, divided into group 1-patients submitted to maxillary advancement and mandibular setback (n = 17) and group 2-patients submitted to maxillomandibular advancement (n = 16). Records were taken 1 to 2 months prior to surgery, which was used to perform the 2D VSP (Tp), and 6 to 8 months after surgery (T1). In Dolphin Imaging software, the anteroposterior size of the PAS was calculated at the level of four craniometric points: A, occlusal plane (Mx), B, and pogonion (Pog). Two previously calibrated examiners performed these measurements. Statistical analyses were conducted using Kendall and t tests at a 5% level of significance.; Results: There was a concordance between the two examiners at all points and times. In group 1, points A and B have statistically significant differences between the PAS measurements performed in Tp and T1, while in group 2, none of the PAS points showed statistically significant differences when comparing Tp to T1.; Conclusions: 2D computer-based cephalometric prediction in Dolphin Imaging software offers a good orientation to professionals during the surgical procedure of bimaxillary surgeries since its use is considered clinically relevant in daily practice.;
<p>A special issue of the Journal of Global Buddhism which aims to tackle such current and pressing questions of blurred boundaries and genres as: What is the place of advocacy or 'theology' in Buddhist Studies? Where is it implicit in contemporary scholarship? Should the study of Buddhism remain 'distanced' and 'non-aligned'? Is there a definite line demarcating the two modes of scholarship? How does this distinction apply in different cultural locations?</p>
The literature indicates increasing evidence showing the benefits of classroom-based, universal preventive interventions for mental health and the link between social and emotional learning and academic performance. The FRIENDS program has been extensively tested and has showed promising results not only for preventing childhood anxiety, but also for improving students' self-concept, social skills and coping skills. However, when it comes to communities in disadvantage, the results are mixed, with some studies reporting the need to include enhancements to the context in which the program is implemented to better support communities at risk. A combined intervention aiming to promote students' social-emotional skills was piloted in a school located in a low socio-economic status area. Teachers received training to teach social and emotional skills for students and a resilience program for themselves. Students' social-emotional outcomes were assessed at pre, post, 3 and 6 months following the intervention. Results showed that the intervention helped students to decrease their anxiety, and the intervention was well accepted by participants.
Depression and substance use disorders are highly comorbid and have significant clinical and public health implications. The current study was conducted in Iran with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week outpatient mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) program compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for substance use disorders with comorbid depression. Participants were 74 adults with substance use disorders randomly assigned to either MBRP (n = 37) or TAU (n = 37). Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) were used as outcome measures. Assessments were administered pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up. Effectiveness of MBRP was supported by significantly lower post-intervention rates of depression, anxiety, and craving in those who received MBRP as compared to those in TAU. In the MBRP group, these beneficial effects were stable at follow-up. Results suggest that MBRP could be implemented as an effective intervention for patients with comorbid depression and substance use disorders.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, yoga programs in childhood have been implemented in schools, to promote the development for children.AIM: To investigate the effects of yoga program in physical education classes on the motor abilities and social behavior parameters of 6-8-year-old children.
METHODS: The study included 16 children from the 1(st) grade of a public elementary school in the South of Brazil. The children participated in a 12-week intervention, twice weekly, with 45 min each session. To assess children's performance, we used the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition, the flexibility test (sit and reach - Eurofit, 1988), the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children and semi-structured interviews with children, parents, and classroom' teacher. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon test and level of significance was 5%.
RESULTS: The yoga program was well accepted by children, children also demonstrated significant and positive changes in overall motor abilities scores (balance, strength, and flexibility). In addition, the interviews reported changing in social behavior and the use of the knowledge learned in the program in contexts outside of school.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the implementation of yoga practice in physical education lessons contributed to children's development.
BackgroundDepression is one of the most common disorders in Psychiatric and Primary Care settings and is associated with significant disability and economic costs. Low-intensity psychological interventions applied by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) could be an efficacious and cost-effective therapeutic option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this study is to assess 3 low-intensity psychological interventions applied by ICTs (healthy lifestyle, positive affect and mindfulness) in Primary Care; significant efficacy for depression treatment has previously showed in specialized clinical settings by those interventions, but ICTs were not used.
Method
Multicenter controlled randomized clinical trial in 4 parallel groups. Interventions have been designed and on-line device adaptation has been carried out. Subsequently, the randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted. A sample of N = 240 mild and moderate depressed patients will be recruited and assessed in Primary Care settings. Patients will be randomly assigned to a) healthy lifestyle psychoeducational program + improved primary care usual treatment (ITAU), b) focused program on positive affect promotion + ITAU c) mindfulness + ITAU or d) ITAU. The intervention format will be one face to face session and four ICTs on-line modules. Patients will be diagnosed with MINI psychiatric interview. Main outcome will be PHQ-9 score. They will be also assessed by SF-12 Health Survey, Client Service Receipt Inventory, EuroQoL-5D questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Pemberton Happiness Index. Patients will be assessed at baseline, post, 6 and 12 post-treatment months. An intention to treat and per protocol analysis will be performed.
Discussion
Low-intensity psychological interventions applied by Information and Communication Technologies have been not used before in Spain and could be an efficacious and cost-effective therapeutic option for depression treatment. The strength of the study is that it is the first multicenter controlled randomized clinical trial of three low intensity and self-guided interventions applied by ICTs (healthy lifestyle psychoeducational program; focused program on positive affect promotion and brief intervention based on mindfulness) in Primary Care settings.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN82388279. Registered 16 April 2014.
Socioemotional learning (SEL) is the process of developing social and emotional competences through which the child learns to recognize and manage emotions, care for others, make good decisions, behave responsibly and ethically, develop positive relationships and avoid negative behaviours (Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators, 1997). To promote the development of these competences, specific programmes are developed. This study aims to analyse the impact of a SEL programme among children with intellectual disability. Two groups were established, control and experimental, and the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) (Test of emotion comprehension - TEC, 2000; Les émotions à l'école, émotions et apprentissage, 2004) was applied to both as pre- and post-test. The programme was implemented in the experimental group, based on simply illustrated stories alluding the basic emotions. The findings suggest that the programme is effective in the development of socioemotional competences (SEC) in subjects with intellectual disabilities, evidencing the positive effects that the intervention programme had with the experimental group.
<p>A scholarly academic journal employing a blind peer review evaluation process, and is innovative in adopting a totally electronic mode of publication. In all respects, it functions as a traditional scholarly journal.</p>
Despite promising theory and numerous intervention studies, longitudinal explorations of the protective properties of mindful disposition with respect to psychopathology are still scarce. The present study tested the theorized protective role of mindfulness facets with respect to depressive symptoms and rumination over time in a non-clinical sample (N = 41; 22 females; age = 24.4 (4.8), range = 19–40 years). The longitudinal design involved two assessment time points, with a span of almost 2 years (mean = 20.7 (2.8), range = 16–27 months). At both time points participants completed questionnaires assessing trait mindfulness (FFMQ), trait rumination (RRS), and depressive symptoms (CES-D). Results documented the prospective protective function of nonjudge (a non-evaluative stance toward thoughts and feelings) at Time 1, above and beyond the other four facets with respect to depressive symptoms and rumination at Time 2. Depressive rumination fully mediated the impact of nonjudge at Time 1 on depressive symptoms at Time 2. Findings suggest that non-judging skills play a critical role in the improved wellbeing associated with mindfulness training.
We investigated the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness training (CBT/MT) on attentional task performance in incarcerated adolescents. Attention is a cognitive system necessary for managing cognitive demands and regulating emotions. Yet persistent and intensive demands, such as those experienced during high-stress intervals like incarceration and the events leading to incarceration, may deplete attention resulting in cognitive failures, emotional disturbances, and impulsive behavior. We hypothesized that CBT/MT may mitigate these deleterious effects of high stress and protect against degradation in attention over the high-stress interval of incarceration. Using a quasi-experimental, group randomized controlled trial design, we randomly assigned dormitories of incarcerated youth, ages 16–18, to a CBT/MT intervention (youth n = 147) or an active control intervention (youth n = 117). Both arms received approximately 750 min of intervention in a small-group setting over a 3–5 week period. Youth in the CBT/MT arm also logged the amount of out-of-session time spent practicing MT exercises. The Attention Network Test was used to index attentional task performance at baseline and 4 months post-baseline. Overall, task performance degraded over time in all participants. The magnitude of performance degradation was significantly less in the CBT/MT vs. control arm. Further, within the CBT/MT arm, performance degraded over time in those with no outside-of-class practice time, but remained stable over time in those who practiced mindfulness exercises outside of the session meetings. Thus, these findings suggest that sufficient CBT/MT practice may protect against functional attentional impairments associated with high-stress intervals.
Far-reaching changes to the structure and function of the Earth's natural systemsrepresent a growing threat to human health. And yet, global health has mainly improved
as these changes have gathered pace. What is the explanation? As a Commission, we
are deeply concerned that the explanation is straightforward and sobering: we have
been mortgaging the health of future generations to realise economic and development
gains in the present. By unsustainably exploiting nature's resources, human civilisation
has flourished but now risks substantial health effects from the degradation of nature's
life support systems in the future.
Far-reaching changes to the structure and function of the Earth's natural systemsrepresent a growing threat to human health. And yet, global health has mainly improved
as these changes have gathered pace. What is the explanation? As a Commission, we
are deeply concerned that the explanation is straightforward and sobering: we have
been mortgaging the health of future generations to realise economic and development
gains in the present. By unsustainably exploiting nature's resources, human civilisation
has flourished but now risks substantial health effects from the degradation of nature's
life support systems in the future.
Is it possible to perceive others' mental states? Are mental states visible in others' behavior? In contrast to the traditional view that mental states are hidden and not directly accessible to perception, in recent years a phenomenologically-motivated account of social cognition has emerged: direct social perception. However, despite numerous published articles that both defend and critique direct perception, researchers have made little progress in articulating the conditions under which direct perception of others' mental states is possible. This paper proposes an empirically anchored approach to the observability of others' mentality – not just in the weak sense of discussing relevant empirical evidence for and against the phenomenon of interest, but also, and more specifically, in the stronger sense of identifying an experimental strategy for measuring the observability of mental states and articulating the conditions under which mental states are observable. We conclude this article by reframing the problem of direct perception in terms of establishing a definable and measurable relationship between movement features and perceived mental states.
Objective Daily sessions of slow-breathing (6 breaths/ min) significantly reduced 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in patients with mild hypertension and this effect persisted at least 6 months after the interruption of sessions. The sequence of changes induced by slow-breathing (SB) daily sessions on the modulation of ambulatory blood pressure, renal resistive index, heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was thus investigated in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
We interviewed 300 patients (54.7% male; mean age was 65.8 +/- 9.5) attending the Movement Disorders Clinic at the Buenos Aires University Hospital to determine the prevalence of CATs use and their association with demographic, social, or disease-specific characteristics among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We found that 25.7% of the PD patients interviewed (77/300) stated they had used CATs to improve their PD symptoms whereas 38.0% (114/300) had used some CATs without any relation to PD, at least once in life. At the moment of the interview, CATs prevalence use was 50.6% in the former group and 25.0% in the latter. The use of CATs was much more frequent among women and more common in the 50- to 69-year age group. Friends and neighbors of the patients had most frequently recommended these therapies. No major association was observed between CATs use and the duration of the disease, side of initial involvement, PD phenotype, or the IIoehn and Yahr staging. Acupuncture, homeopathy, yoga, and therapeutic massage were the most widely used therapies. After the initiation of conventional treatment the use of massage, yoga, and acupuncture in patients using CATs to improve PD significantly increased. Neurologists should be aware and inquire about the use of CATs to rule out potentially harmful effects. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Three inspiring survivors open up about why they turned to yoga for recovery during their cancer treatment.