Displaying 1 - 16 of 16
<p>This study was designed to test the hypothesis that mindfulness involves sustained attention, attention switching, inhibition of elaborative processing and non-directed attention. Healthy adults were tested before and after random assignment to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course (n = 39) or a wait-list control (n = 33). Testing included measures of sustained attention, attention switching, Stroop interference (as a measure of inhibition of elaborative processing), detection of objects in consistent or inconsistent scenes (as a measure of non-directed attention), as well as self-report measures of emotional well-being and mindfulness. Participation in the MBSR course was associated with significantly greater improvements in emotional well-being and mindfulness, but no improvements in attentional control relative to the control group. However, improvements in mindfulness after MBSR were correlated with improvements in object detection. We discuss the implications of these results as they relate to the role of attention in mindfulness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p>
Zotero Collections:
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that mindfulness involves sustained attention, attention switching, inhibition of elaborative processing and non-directed attention. Healthy adults were tested before and after random assignment to an 8-weekMindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course (n = 39) or a wait-list control (n = 33). Testing included measures of sustained attention, attention switching, Stroop interference (as a measure of inhibition of laborative processing), detection of objects in consistent or inconsistent scenes (as a measure of non-directed attention), as well as self-report measures of emotional well-being and mindfulness. Participation in the MBSR course was associated with significantly greater improvements in emotional well-being and mindfulness, but no improvements in attentional control relative to the control group. However, improvements in mindfulness after
MBSR were correlated with improvements in object detection. We
discuss the implications of these results as they relate to the role of attention in mindfulness.
<p>The literature is replete with evidence that the stress inherent in health care negatively impacts health care professionals, leading to increased depression, decreased job satisfaction, and psychological distress. In an attempt to address this, the current study examined the effects of a short-term stress management program, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), on health care professionals. Results from this prospective randomized controlled pilot study suggest that an 8-week MBSR intervention may be effective for reducing stress and increasing quality of life and self-compassion in health care professionals. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.</p>
Zotero Collections:
The literature is replete with evidence that the stress inherent in health care negatively impacts health care professionals, leading to increased depression, decreased job satisfaction, and psychological distress. In an attempt to address this, the current study examined the effects of a short-term stress management program, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), on health care professionals. Results from this prospective randomized controlled pilot study suggest that an 8-week MBSR intervention may be effective for reducing stress and increasing quality of life and self-compassion in health care professionals. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Zotero Collections:
There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose a two‐component model of mindfulness and specify each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes. We then address issues regarding temporal stability and situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument development and briefly describing our own approach to measurement.
There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as anapproach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and
emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far
mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This
paper describes the results of recent meetings held to
establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop
conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose
a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each
component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential
manifestations, and implicated psychological processes.
We then address issues regarding temporal stability and
situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual
and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument
development and briefly describing our own approach to
measurement.
There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as anapproach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and
emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far
mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This
paper describes the results of recent meetings held to
establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop
conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose
a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each
component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential
manifestations, and implicated psychological processes.
We then address issues regarding temporal stability and
situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual
and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument
development and briefly describing our own approach to
measurement.
There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as anapproach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and
emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far
mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This
paper describes the results of recent meetings held to
establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop
conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose
a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each
component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential
manifestations, and implicated psychological processes.
We then address issues regarding temporal stability and
situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual
and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument
development and briefly describing our own approach to
measurement.
To determine whether MBSR groups would help gay men living with HIV improve psychosocial functioning and increase mindfulness compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Methods: 117 participants were randomized 2:1 to MBSR or TAU. No new psychosocial or psychopharmacological interventions were initiated within 2 months of baseline. Standardized questionnaires were administered pre-, postintervention and at 6 months. An intent-to-treat analysis found significant benefits of MBSR: at post-intervention and 6 months follow up, MBSR participants had significantly lower avoidance in IES and higher positive affect compared to controls. MBSR participants developed more mindfulness as measured by the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) including both TMS subscales, curiosity and decentering, at 8-week and 6 months. For the sample as a whole, increase in mindfulness was significantly correlated with reduction in avoidance, higher positive affect and improvement in depression at 6 months. MBSR has specific and clinically meaningful effects in this population.
In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mindfulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, participants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decentering. Most of the expected relationships with other constructs were as expected. The TMS scores increased with increasing mindfulness meditation experience. In Study 2. criterion and incremental validity of the TMS were investigated on a group of individuals participating in 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs. Results showed that TMS scores increased following treatment, and Decentering scores predicted improvements in clinical outcome. Thus, the TMS is a promising measure of the mindfulness state with good psychometric properties and predictive of treatment outcome. Keywords: Toronto Mindfulness Scale; self-report assessment: mindfulness; meditation; psychometric characteristics
Zotero Collections:
In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mind- fulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, partici- pants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decen- tering. Most of the expected relationships with other constructs were as expected. The TMS scores increased with increasing mindfulness medita- tion experience. In Study 2, criterion and incremental validity of the TMS were investigated on a group of individuals participating in 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs. Results showed that TMS scores increased following treatment, and Decentering scores predicted improvements in clinical outcome. Thus, the TMS is a promising measure of the mindfulness state with good psychometric properties and predic- tive of treatment outcome.
Objective: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a clinical program, developed to facilitate adaptation tomedical illness, which provides systematic training in mindfulness meditation as a self-regulatory approach to stress reduction and emotion management. There has been widespread and growing use of this approach within medical settings in the last 20 years, and many claims have been made regarding its efficacy. This article will provide a critical evaluation of the available state of knowledge regarding MBSR and suggestions for future research. Methods: A review of the current literature available within the medical and social sciences was undertaken to provide an evaluation regarding what we know about the construct of mindfulness, the effectiveness of MBSR, and mechanisms of action. Results: There has been a paucity of research and what has been published has been rife with methodological problems. At present, we know very little about the effectiveness of this approach. However, there is some evidence that suggests that it may hold some promise. Conclusions: The available evidence does not support a strong endorsement of this approach at present. However, serious investigation is warranted and strongly recommended.
OBJECTIVEMindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a clinical program, developed to facilitate adaptation to medical illness, which provides systematic training in mindfulness meditation as a self-regulatory approach to stress reduction and emotion management. There has been widespread and growing use of this approach within medical settings in the last 20 years, and many claims have been made regarding its efficacy. This article will provide a critical evaluation of the available state of knowledge regarding MBSR and suggestions for future research.
METHODS
A review of the current literature available within the medical and social sciences was undertaken to provide an evaluation regarding what we know about the construct of mindfulness, the effectiveness of MBSR, and mechanisms of action.
RESULTS
There has been a paucity of research and what has been published has been rife with methodological problems. At present, we know very little about the effectiveness of this approach. However, there is some evidence that suggests that it may hold some promise.
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence does not support a strong endorsement of this approach at present. However, serious investigation is warranted and strongly recommended.