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This integral heuristic phenomenological investigation records participants’ experiences of a single session of breath meditation with special reference to psychotherapy and sport psychology. There were 8 participants, 4 men and 4 women, with mean age of 45 years and age range from 31 to 62 years. Various breathing patterns and related consciousness transformations were revealed in all experiential breath meditation descriptions and their associated neurophysiologic signatures, which indicated predominantly alpha wave and sensory motor region activity. Psychotherapeutic and sport psychological findings indicated that breath work facilitates many healing ingredients, with many athletes viewing breathing exercises as the most useful tool learned. Integrated findings strongly endorse the value of breath work. Further research and practice in the area is recommended.Keywords: Breath meditation, phenomenology, neurophysiology, psychotherapy, sport psychology.
<p>This chapter seeks to establish connections Western psychological and Indo-Tibetan Buddhist philosophy in the area of ethics and value. In the face of how values have varied widely and changed greatly throughout time and place, it can be a challenge to determine exactly how values might hold any claim of validity, especially in an culture where the discussion of values often is founded in a framework of absolutism versus relativism. Absolutism, the author suggests, "clings to validity, but at the price of rigid and rule bound exclusivity," while relativity eliminates exclusivity at the price of any claims to validity or universality. The author suggests that in looking at the psychology of values, there are other paradigms which live outside the narrow duality of absolutism and relativism, namely the traditions of Gestalt psychology and Mahāyāna Buddhism, and which allow for an approach to ethics and values which recognizes plurality and diversity. (Zach Rowinski 2005-01-09)</p>