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<i>Potentilla parvifolia </i>Fisch. (Rosaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant in P. R. China. In this study, seven flavonoids, ayanin (<b>1</b>), tricin (<b>2</b>), quercetin (<b>3</b>), tiliroside (<b>4</b>), miquelianin (<b>5</b>), isoquercitrin (<b>6</b>), and astragalin (<b>7</b>), were separated and purified from ethyl acetate extractive fractions from ethanol extracts of <i>P. parvifolia</i> using a combination of sevaral chromatographic methods. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with all trans-retinoic acid and treated with okadaic acid to induce tau protein phosphorylation and synaptic atrophy, which could establish an Alzheimer's disease cell model. The neuroprotective effects of these flavonoids in cellular were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> by this cell model. Results from the Western blot and morphology analysis suggested that compounds <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> had the better neuroprotective effects.

The paper introduces the heated moxibustion and bloodletting in Tibetan medical literature of Dunhuang Heritage. It proves that the external therapies in Tibetan medicine such as heated moxibustion and bloodletting are of very high level since the 8th century, which inspires current clinical practice. It also shows that the extensive exchange between Tibetan medicine and various kinds of medicine such as Chinese medicine promoted the development of Tibetan medicine.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall. (HCW) is a traditional Tibetan medicine, which has been used to ameliorate liver injuries in the folk. Aim of the study Liver fibrosis has been recognized as a major lesion of the liver that leads to liver cirrhosis/hepatocarcinoma and even to death in the end. This study aims to demonstrate the protective effect of HCW against CCl 4 -induced liver injury in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4. Liver function markers, fibrosis markers, serum anti-oxidation enzymes as well as elements levels were determined. Serum and liver tissues were subjected to NMR-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. Results HCW could significantly reduce the elevated levels of fibrosis markers such as hyaluronidase, laminin, Type III procollagen and Type IV collagen in the serum, improve the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and effectively reverse the abnormal levels of elements in liver fibrosis rats. Correlation network analysis revealed that HCW could treat liver fibrosis by ameliorating oxidative stress, repairing the impaired energy metabolisms and reversing the disturbed amino acids and nucleic acids metabolisms. Conclusion This integrated metabolomics approach confirmed the validity of the traditional use of HCW in the treatment of liber fibrosis, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibetan medicine Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall. (HCW) has long been employed to treat hepatitis, inflammatory diseases and jaundice according to the records of "The Four Medical Tantras" in China. This study was investigated to explore the protective effects of HCW on hepatic fibrosis and the possible mechanism in a rat model. Hepatic fibrosis was established by intragastric administration of 3 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) twice a week for 6 weeks. CCl4 -treated rats were received HCW (1 and 3 g/kg/d) and silymarin (0.1 g/kg/d) from 3 to 6 weeks. The results showed that HCW could significantly decrease the levels of AST, ALT, HA, LN, PCIII, Col IV, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, HCW could effectively inhibit collagen deposition and reduce the pathological damage. Analysis experiments finally exhibited that HCW was able to markedly inhibit hepatic fibrosis by modulating the expressions of NF-κB p65, IκBα, Samd3 and TGF-β1 proteins. Therefore, our results suggest that HCW has hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis in rats by regulating the inflammatory responses.

The extraction and solvent partition of roots of <i>Incarvillea compacta</i>, a traditional Tibetan folk medicine, and repeated column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for <i>n</i>-butanol fraction yielded four phenylethanoid glycosides, crenatoside (<i>1</i>), 3′′′-<i>O</i>-methylcrenatoside (<i>2</i>), leucoseceptoside A (<i>3</i>), and martynoside (<i>4</i>). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR and MS. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. Compound <i>1</i> exerted better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. In addition, compounds <i>1</i>-<i>4</i> were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)-induced liver injury in HepG2 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with compound <i>1</i>-<i>4</i> significantly increased the viability on CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced cell death. Furthermore, compounds <i>1</i>-<i>4</i> also alleviated CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and reduction of the malondialdehyde content, intracellular ROS as well as NF-κB transactivation. Our results suggest that phenylethanoid glycosides ameliorate CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced cell injury, and this protection was likely due to antioxidative activity and down-regulation of NF-κB.

If you are stressed-out, anxious or chronically unhappy; this talk will lead you through an authentic journey of self-knowing and freedom to illuminate the root causes of stress. Combining storytelling and meditation, Preethaji’s teachings help shift her students from living in a stressful-state, to living in what she describes as a beautiful state.In 2009 Preethaji started One World Academy with her husband Krishnaji. One World Academy is a wisdom school for enlightenment based in a new tradition where the focus is on knowing oneself and discovering that we are connected to all that exists.

In this study, a simple analytical method for the determination of γ-aminobutyric acid, gabapentin, and baclofen by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed. An amidogen-reactive fluorescence labeling reagent, 4-(carbazole-9-yl)-benzyl chloroformate was first used to sensitively label these analytes. The completed labeling of these analytes can be finished rapidly only within 5 min at the room temperature (25°C) to form 4-(carbazole-9-yl)-benzyl chloroformate labeled fluorescence derivatives. These labeled derivatives expressed strong fluorescence property with the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 280 and 380 nm, respectively. The labeled derivatives were analyzed using a reversed-phase Eclipse SB-C18 column within 10 min with satisfactory shapes. Excellent linearity (R² > 0.995) for all analytes was achieved with the limits of detection and the limits of quantitation in the range of 0.25−0.35 and 0.70−1.10 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was used for the simultaneous determination of γ-aminobutyric acid and its analogs in human serum with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 94.5-97.5%.

Chemical investigation of the ethanolic extracts of the dried leaves of Bergenia purpurascens led to the isolation and identification of a new aromatic glycoside, 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-methoxy-3-hydroxyl-phenylethene (1), along with other 19 known compounds (2-20). The structure of compound 1 was determined by a detailed analysis using various analytical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR. In vitro anti-proliferative activities of compound 1 on five human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The results showed that compound 1 possessed the most potent effects with the IC50 values of 14.36 ± 1.04 μM against T24 cells. The further bioactivity analysis showed that compound 1 induced apoptosis of T24 cells, and altered anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase-3 for causing cell apoptosis. The present investigation illustrated compound 1 might be used as a potential antitumour chemotherapy candidate.

Chemical investigation of the ethanolic extracts of the dried leaves of Bergenia purpurascens led to the isolation and identification of a new aromatic glycoside, 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-methoxy-3-hydroxyl-phenylethene (1), along with other 19 known compounds (2-20). The structure of compound 1 was determined by a detailed analysis using various analytical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR. In vitro anti-proliferative activities of compound 1 on five human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The results showed that compound 1 possessed the most potent effects with the IC50 values of 14.36 ± 1.04 μM against T24 cells. The further bioactivity analysis showed that compound 1 induced apoptosis of T24 cells, and altered anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase-3 for causing cell apoptosis. The present investigation illustrated compound 1 might be used as a potential antitumour chemotherapy candidate.

<br>Display Omitted<br>• A new coupled method of stable isotope-labeling derivatization with UA-DLLME was reported. • Simultaneous determination of multiple neurotransmitters with UHPLC-MS/MS. • Heavy labeled d3-MASC standards were used as the internal standards for quantification. • The method was sensitive, accurate and low matrix effect. • Application for neurotransmitters dynamic changes in rats brain microdialysates.<br>In this work, for the first time, a new hyphenated technique of stable isotope-labeling derivatization-ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the simultaneous determination of monoamine neurotransmitters (MANTs) and their biosynthesis precursors and metabolites. The developed method was based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection using multiple-reaction monitoring mode. A pair of mass spectrometry sensitizing reagents, d0-10-methyl-acridone-2-sulfonyl chloride and d3-10-methyl-acridone-2-sulfonyl chloride, as stable isotope probes was utilized to facilely label neurotransmitters, respectively. The heavy labeled MANTs standards were prepared and used as internal standards for quantification to minimize the matrix effects in mass spectrometry analysis. Low toxic bromobenzene (extractant) and acetonitrile (dispersant) were utilized in microextraction procedure. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed with the limits of detection (S/N > 3) and limits of quantification (S/N > 10) in the range of 0.002-0.010 and 0.015-0.040 nmol/L, respectively. Meanwhile, it also brought acceptable precision (4.2-8.8%, peak area RSDs %) and accuracy (recovery, 96.9-104.1%) results. This method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their biosynthesis precursors and metabolites in rat brain microdialysates of Parkinson's disease and normal rats. This provided a new method for the neurotransmitters related studies in the future.

A new fluorescent labeling reagent has been developed for the determination of fatty acids (FAs) by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The derivatization conditions including the amount of derivatization reagent, temperature, and type of catalyst were investigated, the results indicated that the reaction proceeded within 30 min at 90°C in the presence of K₂CO₃ catalyst. The maximal yield was obtained with a four- to fivefold molar reagent excess. The derivatives exhibited strong fluorescence with an excitation maximum at <i>λ</i><sub>ex</sub> = 245 nm and an emission maximum at <i>λ</i><sub>em</sub> = 410 nm. Twenty-five FA derivatives were well separated by RP-HPLC on a Hypersil BDS C₈ column in combination with gradient elution. All FAs were found to give excellent linear responses with correlation coefficients >0.9992. The method gave a low LOQ of 0.85-5.5 ng/mL (S/N of 10). The developed method was employed to analyze free FAs (FFAs) composition in pomegranate samples without any purification. FFAs in samples were doubly identified by HPLC retention time and protonated molecular ion corresponding to <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> [M+H]⁺. This newly developed method allows a highly sensitive determination of trace FFAs from pomegranate and other foodstuffs.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, rapid and usable new method of processing on Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma and the quality control standard on its processing products.METHODS: The studies of processing on Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma were proceed using yellow rice wine as solvent, through spray, soften and dry at 60-70 degrees C. The contents of total and uncombined chrysophanol and emodin in multi-Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma and its processing products were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The new method of processing on Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma was simple, rapid and usable. The contents of uncombined chrysophanol and emodin in its processing products was 80%. CONCLUSION: This study provides a new method of processing on Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma and quality control standard on its processing products.

The goal of the presented work is to develop a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method for the determination of four nitrofurans (NFs) metabolites compounds (semicarbazide (SEM), 1-aminohydantoin (AH), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) and 3-amino-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ)) in foodstuffs. For this goal, we synthesized a novel fluorescence labeling reagent, 4-(carbazole-9-yl)-benzyl chloroformate (CBBC) to label NFs metabolites compounds. NFs metabolites compounds can be labeled rapidly only within 5 min at the room temperature (25 °C). The labeled derivatives showed excellent fluorescence property with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 375 nm and 410 nm, respectively. The labeled derivatives were analyzed on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C18 column within 10 min. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.995) of all NFs metabolites compounds was achieved with the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitations (LOQs) in the low micrograms per kilogram range of 0.20-0.30 μg·kg−1 and 0.70-1.00 μg·kg−1, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 92.5-98.0% were obtained for all NFs metabolites compounds. Using the proposed HPLC-FLD method, we successfully determined four NFs metabolites compounds in different foodstuffs. As promising, this highly sensitive and reliable method would also be extended for the quantitation of NFs metabolites compounds in other samples.<br><br>Display Omitted<br>• A novel fluorescence labeling reagent CBBC was synthesized to label nitrofurans (NFs) metabolites compounds. • A pre-column derivatization HPLC-FLD method was developed for the determination of NFs metabolites compounds in foodstuffs. • LODs were in the low micrograms per kilogram range of 0.2-0.3 μg·kg-1.

A stable, effective, sensitive and selective method for simultaneous determination of 11 aldehydes in foodstuffs using a novel fluorescence-labeling reagent 2-(12-benzo[<i>b</i>]acridin-5-(12<i>H</i>)-yl)-acetohydrazide (BAAH) has been developed by HPLC with fluorescence detection and mass spectrometric identification. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the derivatization reaction between BAAH and aldehydes. The completed separation of the 11 aldehydes was achieved in as little as 18 min on a reversed-phase Hypersil BDS C<sub>8</sub> column with aqueous acetonitrile as mobile phase in conjunction with a binary gradient elution. Excellent linear coefficients were found to be of >0.9994. This method also showed excellent reproducibility and offered the low detection limits of 0.21-0.58 nM (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The developed method was successfully applied to analyze aldehydes in various foodstuffs and exhibited satisfactory applicability.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Qiwei Tiexie capsule (QWTX) is a representative prescription of Tibetan medicine, which is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study This study explored the effects and mechanism of QWTX on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD. Materials and methods The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and NAFLD rat model were used in the study. In 3T3-L1 cells, the cytotoxicity of QWTX was tested by CKK-8, and glucose uptake and fat acid oxidation were assessed by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose and [1–14C] palmitic acid, respectively. The expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ikappa B α (IκBα), and AKT were determined by PCR and western blot. NAFLD was established by the administration of fat emulsion and sucrose for 9 weeks. The effects of QWTX on lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatic morphology were observed in NAFLD rats by HE and transmission electron microscope. Serum level of nitric oxide (NO) and fee fatty acid (FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver, as well as the expression levels of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CPT-1, LXRα, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and iNOS were all detected. Results QWTX showed no cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, and increased the 14CO 2 production rate to 4.15, which indicated the reducing the fatty accumulation. In NAFLD, QWTX attenuated liver steatosis, fat vacuoles and inflammation from the HE staining and electron micrograph tests. For the oxidative stress biomarkers, serum FFA level was reduced and serum NO level was enhanced after QWTX treatment. In liver tissue, SOD was decreased and MDA was significantly increased in NAFLD, and both of them were restored by QWTX. NF-κB and CYP2E1 were also upregulated in NAFLD, while downregulated by QWTX. Downregulation of LXRα, PPARγ and iNOS by QWTX were both observed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD model. Conclusions QWTX protected the liver injury in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD by regulating the LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathways. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysosplenium nudicaule,Tibetan name " Yajima",is recorded as an effective medicine for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases by Tibetan Pharmacopoeia published in the past dynasties,but its traditional efficacy has not yet been investigated by means of modern pharmacological research methods. In this paper,the protective effect of extract of C. nudicaule(ECN) on liver injury in mice was observed by using the mice model of intrahepatic cholestasis(IC) induced by α-naphthyl isothiocyanate(ANIT) and the possible mechanism by which ECN work as the therapeutic agent was discussed. The results showed that the serum levels of AST,ALT,ALP,DBIL,TBIL and TBA of the model mice were notably reduced in dose-dependent manner(P<0. 01,P<0. 05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver homogenate of mice was increased,while the content of MDA was decreased(P<0. 01,P<0. 05).Pathological examination of liver in mice showed that ECN could improve the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. The mRNA expression level of genes related to bile acid metabolism were detected by RT-PCR and the results suggested that ECN could significantly increase the expression of genes such as BSEP,FXR and MRP2(P<0. 01,P<0. 05),meanwhile significantly reduce the expression of CYP7 A1(P<0. 01,P<0. 05). These results confirmed the protective effect of ECN on intrahepatic cholestasis-induced liver injury in mice,and indicated that the mechanism may be related to activating FXR and its target genes,reducing bile acid synthesis and increasing bile acid excretion. This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the clinical application of Yajima in Tibetan medicine.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with a broad spectrum of liver injury. Oxidant stress is believed to be the pathogenesis of NAFLD as the "second hit". Hydrogen peroxide is widely used as an oxidant reagent to induce the oxidant injury of cells and larval zebrafish. Recently, cichoric acid is being studied extensively for its obesity attenuating, hepatic steatosis reduction and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, to identify whether CRA could protect the H2O2 induced oxidant injury via anti-oxidant impact by using L02 and HepG2 hepatocytes as in vitro and larval zebrafish as in vivo injury models, and evaluated the protective and anti-oxidant effects of CRA by pretreated it on both in vitro and in vivo models. CRA was found to reduce the production of ROS and MDA, activate the anti-oxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-px, and pathways Keap1-Nrf2 and HO-1. These results demonstrated that CRA might protect the liver injury by its anti-oxidant effect, which could be a potential therapeutic agent of NAFLD.

Sample pretreatment is a critical and essential step in almost all analytical procedures, especially for the analysis of biological and environmental samples with complex matrices. Dopamine molecules can easily self-polymerize under weak alkaline conditions, leading to a facile deposition of polydopamine (PDA) coatings on various surfaces. Since 2011, PDA chemistry has undergone significant expansion in its applications and is becoming one of the most attractive areas within the materials field. Here, recent advancements in the use of PDA-derived adsorbents for sample pretreatment were reviewed, with especial focus on surface modification strategies, extraction modes, and application fields. In addition, prospects of PDA-derived adsorbents for sample pretreatment are also proposed.<br>• Analytical applications of PDA-derived adsorbents are insightfully reviewed. • PDA has been directly used as an adsorbent for building extraction methods. • PDA has also been used as versatile mediums for fabricating various adsorbents. • PDA has greatly promoted the diversity of extraction modes because of its adhesion.

Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindl.) Benth is a traditional Tibetan medicine herb long used to treat various diseases related to inflammation. Our previous phytochemical studies on E. multiradiatus resulted in the isolation of scutellarin, which is a known flavone glucuronide with comprehensive pharmacological actions. In present study, we investigated the inhibition action of scutellarin on high glucose-induced vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells (ECV304 cells). Consistent with previous reports, exposure of ECV304 cells to high glucose for 24 h caused an increase of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and promoted cell adhesion between monocyte and ECV304 cells. However, pretreatment with scutellarin (0.1 and 1 microM) reversed these effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Scutellarin was able to inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB induced by high glucose in ECV304 cells. Furthermore, although oral administration of scutellarin (10 and 50 mg/kg) did not produce significant antihyperglycemic action, it lowered the serum MCP-1 levels significantly in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, our results suggest that scutellarin has anti-inflammation effect that may afford some protection against hyperglycemia-induced vascular inflammatory both in vitro and in vivo.

<b>Caragana korshinskii</b> Kom. (CK), one of afforestation tree species, is widely planted in northwest region of China. To compare the constituents as references for further utilization of CK, <b>C. microphyll</b> Lam. (CM) and <b>C. jubata</b> L. (CJ), been used as traditional Chinese medicine, were taken into consideration. To obtain more information on CK for further utilization, a sensitive and stable pre-column derivatization method for the analysis of fatty acids (FAs) was established using a novel labeling reagent 2-(5H-benzo[a]-carbazol-11(6H)-yl)ethyl hydrazine-carboxylate (BCEHC) by HPLC with fluorescence detector. The derivatives exhibit predominant fluorescence property at excitation and emission wavelengths of 330 nm and 380 nm, respectively. 16 derivatives of FAs including 13 saturated FAs and 3 unsaturated FAs are separated on a reversed-phase column with gradient elution within 30 min. The validation of method indicated that all FAs were given excellent linear responses with good linear coefficient of correlation being equal to or greater than 0.9985. The limits of detection (LODs) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 varied from 63.12 to 116.21 ng L−1. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the contents of free FAs (FFAs) in flowers, leaves and bark of CK and the samples were extracted by a green and simple method of gas purge microsyringe extraction. The results show that the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid are high in flowers and leaves while the bark is rich in linoleic acid. The total content of FFAs in all parts of CK is higher than that of CM. The distribution of FFAs in plants is obviously different even in the congeneric among different species.

A simple, sensitive and selective method based on one-step fluorescence labeling and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) was developed for the determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in foodstuff samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD). In this work, fluorescence probe 2-(11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl) ethyl carbonochloridate (BCEC-Cl) was applied to label BAs. What followed was the UA-DLLME procedure that was carried out using chloroform and acetone as extraction and disperser solvents, respectively. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the main parameters affecting the fluorescence labeling and DLLME efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, this method offered low limits of detection (LODs) of 1.1-7.8 ng/mL and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 3.5-26.1 ng/mL. Finally, the method was successfully used for the determination of trace BAs in real samples and exhibited powerful potential in the high-throughput sample screening.

A new stable isotope labeling (SIL) reagent pair, 10-methyl-acridone-2-sulfonohydrazide (MASH) and its deuterated counterpart d3-MASH was synthesized and successfully applied to the analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in serum samples. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.07-0.42μg/L, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 0.25-1.38μg/L. Besides ionization enhancing effect, MASH also showed excellent fluorescence property. Therefore, the mass spectrometer operation cost was greatly lowered by carrying out parameter optimization experiments on HPLC which is easier to operate and maintain. The SIL strategy was confirmed to be effective in reducing matrix effect. The developed multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) condition of PFCAs was also suitable for other carboxylic acid due to the introduction of MASH which is more prone to fragmentation than the analytes. With the MRM conditions obtained from PFCAs, fatty acids were also found in serum samples. This feature made the proposed method show powerful potential in the identification of acidic compounds in complex samples in the absence of corresponding standard.

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