<p>This article is an acoustic analysis of the Maithili diphthongs. The article attempts to analyze topics such as the possible difference of the perceived diphthong from the perception of a pair of vowels. With the help of some attributes gathered from the results of a spectrographic study of the Maithili diphthongs, the article concludes that the phonetic features emerging from the consideration of diphthongs in a particular language are not necessarily sufficient or optimal to characterize the phenomenon in general. The most significant attributes of the Maithili diphthongs are two: (i) their onset frequency position and (ii) their second-format rate of change, which is always very stable in these diphthongs across changes in duration conditions. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-31)</p>
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and markers of inflammation and endothelial function in overweight and obese men.
DESIGN: Nonrandomized prospective lifestyle intervention study with pre-post design. SETTING AND LOCATION: Integral Health Clinic, an outpatient facility providing yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for prevention and management of chronic diseases.
SUBJECTS: Overweight and obese men (n=51) were enrolled in the study. Subjects who were physically unable to participate and those participating in other interventions were excluded from the study.
INTERVENTION: A pretested intervention program including asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), group discussions, lectures, and individualized advice.
OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was weight loss, and the secondary outcome measures were clinical and laboratory correlates of CVD risk, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and endothelin-1 (ET-1).
RESULTS: Men (n=51, body mass index [BMI] 26.26±2.42 kg/m(2)) were enrolled and underwent a yoga-based lifestyle intervention for 10 days. Of 51 subjects, 30 completed the study. There was a significant reduction in weight from Baseline to Day 10 (74.60±7.98, 72.69±8.37 kg, p<0.001, respectively), BMI (26.26±2.42, 25.69±2.47 kg/m(2), p<0.001, respectively), and systolic BP (121.73±11.58, 116.73±9.00, p=0.042, respectively). There was a significant reduction in plasma IL-6 from Baseline to Day 10 (median 2.24 vs. 1.26 pg/mL, respectively, p=0.012). There was a significant increase in the plasma adiponectin from Baseline to Day 10 (median 4.95 vs. 6.26 μg/mL, respectively, p=0.014). Plasma ET-1 level remained unchanged.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that even a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention may be an important modality to reduce the risk for CVD as indicated by weight loss, reduction in systolic blood pressure, an increase in adiponectin, and decrease in IL-6 in overweight and obese men.
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The Government of India, under Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has emphasised increased advocacy of AYUSH system of medicine and establishment of Indian systems of medicine specialty centres. Taking this vision forward, the Rashtrapati Bhavan with help of Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India; established the first AYUSH Wellness Clinic (AWC) of the country with all the five systems under one roof at Presidents Estate in July 2015. AWC caters to the medical needs of the President, officials of Presidents Secretariat and residents of the Presidents Estate. The mission of AWC is achieving and maintaining excellence in healthcare services through Indian system of medicine and Homoeopathy. This paper presents the annual report of work done at AWC in the year 2017. A total of 33163 patients consulted and nearly 19000 received various therapies prescribed by the physicians. The yearly AYUSH awareness workshop for residents was conducted this year too with much success. As new initiative in the year 2017- new therapies were added to the existing services in Ayurveda wing, Yoga and Naturopathy wing and Unani wing; the therapists and support staffs working at AWC were trained in First-AID and CPR and 21 research papers were published in peer reviewed indexed journals.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the beliefs, attitudes and self-use of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) medicines among senior pharmacy students. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacy students in four pharmacy schools located in Andhra Pradesh in South India. This study was conducted from the August to September 2014. The study population included all pharmacy students enrolled in Doctor of Pharmacy, Bachelor of Pharmacy and Diploma in Pharmacy programs in studied pharmacy schools. The pretested AYUSH survey had 8 questions on AYUSH related beliefs and 8 question on AYUSH related attitudes. The survey also asked participants about AYUSH related knowledge, frequency of use of AYUSH and the reason for using AYUSH. The data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were employed to study the association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: A total of 428 pharmacy students participated in the survey. 32.2% of the study population was females and 32.5% of the population resided in rural areas. Males were more likely to have positive beliefs about AYUSH when compared to females (odd ratio [OR] = 4.62, confidence interval [CI] = 2.37-8.99, P < 0.001). Similarly, students living in hostels were more positive in their beliefs about AYUSH compared with students living at home (OR = 2.14, CI = 1.12-4.07, P < 0.05). Students living in hostel also had a positive attitude about AYUSH use (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.03-2.93, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students held favorable attitude and beliefs about AYUSH use. This baseline survey provides important information about the pharmacy student's perception about AYUSH. Further research is needed to explore the reasons that shape the pharmacy student's beliefs and attitudes about AYUSH.
From the last few decades, there are increasing incidences of disorders like premature aging, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, and Alzheimer's disease In addition to medication, researchers have found that yoga, a mind-body therapy, can be used as an alternative medicine. Yoga combines specific physical postures, breathing techniques, relaxation and meditation that improve mental and physical health of the body. The purpose of this review is to collate the research evidences claiming health benefits of performing traditional yogic practices. What are the biological and other reliable indicators to suggest that doing asanas, pranayama, and meditation could reduce or treat wide range of life style disorders are discussed. Importantly, these indicators are otherwise used to assess the severity of disorders. In many of the study it has been shown that yoga improves the redox health of body whose imbalance has been well proven to cause many health complications. The impact of yoga on neurodegenerative diseases have revealed that it reverses memory loss, reduce anxiety, depression and stress, the biological indicators of disease. However, most studies have several limitations and therefore further research into yoga is needed to validate these findings.
<p>The article brings out information on groups of untouchables, the Chirmar people of Belsapur village in Banke, Nepal. Actually this article is written in the style of "notes preliminaries" pioneered by French social scientists in Nepal. It is a by-product of a larger research undertaking under the auspices of and with a grant from the Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuwan University. In 1857 the four districts of Banke, Bardia, Kailai and Kanchanpur, collectively called Nayamuluk, were returned to Nepal by the British in recognition of the military aid provided by Jung Bahadur Rana to quell the Indian rebellion. The Chirmar groups are inhabitants of Banke where only four Chirmar households in Belsapur have land of their own. It discusses their cultural practices such as wedding ceremonies. It focuses on their poor status economically. It includes 4 leaves of plates. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-12)</p>
Background: The aim of this study was to observe the effect comprehensive yogic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya Y oga [SKY ] and Pranayam) had on cardiac autonomic functions in patients with diabetes.
With the mounting evidence for mindfulness training as a promising strategy for distress reduction across clinical and nonclinical populations, it is important to learn more about the kinds of changes associated with this training. In an exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression that includes mindfulness training, participants reported significant increases in mindfulness over the course of therapy. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that change in mindfulness was associated with a linear decrease in depression on self-report and clinical interview measures over the course of therapy. Increases in mindfulness were significantly correlated with reductions in avoidance and rumination, two emotion regulation strategies that are conceptual opposites of mindfulness.
With the mounting evidence for mindfulness training as a promising strategy for distress reduction across clinical and nonclinical populations, it is important to learn more about the kinds of changes associated with this training. In an exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression that includes mindfulness training, participants reported significant increases in mindfulness over the course of therapy. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that change in mindfulness was associated with a linear decrease in depression on self-report and clinical interview measures over the course of therapy. Increases in mindfulness were significantly correlated with reductions in avoidance and rumination, two emotion regulation strategies that are conceptual opposites of mindfulness.
Background: Previously, yoga bellows-type breathing (bhastrika pranayama) reduced reaction time (RT) or reduced anticipatory responses in male participants or a mixed group of male and female participants.Aims: The present study as a control trial aimed to assess the effects of yoga bellows-type breathing on RT in females exclusively.
Methods: The sample consisted of 25 healthy females, aged between 19 and 32 years (group mean ± standard deviation, 22.8 ± 3.5 years). All of them had prior minimum experience of yoga including yoga bellows-type breathing of 12 months. The RT was assessed in each participant before and after three randomized sessions differed in the intervention given held on three separate days. The sessions were (i) YOGA bellows-type breathing or bhastrika pranayama(BHK), (ii) Breath awareness (BAW), and (iii) Sitting quietly (CTL) as a control session. The duration of the intervention was 18 min, and the participants were assessed for RT before and after the intervention.
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA, post hoc tests with Bonferroni adjusted showed that the time taken to obtain a correct response reduced significantly after 18 min of BAW (P < 0.05) and CTL (P < 0.05). However, no changes were seen in the RT after BHK.
Conclusions: The results suggest that different interventions may optimize performance in tasks requiring attention in females compared to males.
The two decisive enzymes in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway are chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI), wherein the former carries the first committed step of the pathway and later is involved in isomerization of chalcone. In the present study, full-length cDNA sequence of both the genes (<i>PeCHS</i> and <i>PeCHI</i>) from <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (L.) were cloned and sequenced. The 390 and 209 amino acid long polypeptides of PeCHS and PeCHI are coded by 1514 bp nucleotide (nt) (ORF 1173 bp) and 843 bp nt (ORF 630 bp) sequences respectively. Computational analysis revealed the deduced protein of PeCHS contained four CHS protein family specific conserved motifs including residues of active sites and other signature sequences. Four conserved amino acids Thr-48, Tyr-106, Asn-113, and Thr-190 at active sites were identified in PeCHI. Both <i>PeCHI</i> and <i>PeCHS</i> were expressed in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 using pQE-30 UA vector. Expression analysis was carried out in different developmental stages i.e. leaf, flower and fruits. Expression of <i>PeCHS</i> was maximum in mature fruit while <i>PeCHI</i> expression was highest in young leaves. With respect to fruit, <i>PeCHI</i> expression lower down first and then increases with the maturation of fruit whereas <i>PeCHS</i> expression increases gradually with the development of fruit.
Induction is a basic method of scientific and philosophical inquiry. The work seeks to show against the skeptical tide that the method is secure and reliable. The problem of induction has been a hotly debated issue in modern and contemporary philosophy since David Hume. However, long before the modern era Indian philosophers have addressed this problem for about two thousand years. This work examines some major Indian viewpoints including those of Jayarasi (7th century), Dharmakirti (7th century), Prabhakara (8th century), Udayana (11th century) and Prabhacandra (14th century). It also discusses some influential contemporary positions including those of Russell, Strawson, Popper, Reichenbach, Carnap, Goodman and Quine. The main focus is on the Nyaya view developed by Gangesa (13th century). A substantial part of the work is devoted to annotated translation of selected chapters from Gangesa's work dealing with the problem of induction with copious references to the later Nyaya philosophers including Raghunatha (15th century), Mathuranatha (16th century), Jagadisa (17th century) and Gadadhara (17th century). An annotated translation of selections from Sriharsa (12th century) of the Vedanta school, Prabhacandra of the Jaina school and Dharmakirti of the Buddhist school is also included. A solution is presented to the classical problem of induction and the Grue paradox based on the Nyaya perspective. The solution includes an argument from counterfactual reasoning, arguments in defense of causality, analyses of circularity and logical economy, arguments for objective universals and an argument from belief-behavior contradiction.
Vaisesika is one of the six systems of Hindu philosophy. It represents a pluralistic realism and is usually held to be an atomistic, metaphysical theory. This book explores the basic tenets of the Vaisesika classical school of Indian philosophy from a new perspective. It argues that it reveals an epistemological formulation of its own, which was diminished due to later developments in the history of Indian philosophical tradition.Focusing on the principles of knowable objects and the processes of knowing as propounded by the Vaisesika school of Indian Philosophy, the book offers a fuller appreciation of the theories. Providing a balanced approach by examining earliest available material in the original sources of Vaisesika and concentrating on the epistemological pattern adopted therein, it presents an authentic and comprehensive understanding of Vaisesika concepts. This is the first introductory sourcebook in English for the authentic study of Vaisesika, and is of use to students and scholars of World Religion and Philosophy.
OBJECTIVES: Wrightia antidysenterica Linn. (WA) is male variety Kutaja stated to be potent therapeutic emetic agent in skin disorders. Expulsion of doshas through oral route is termed as Vamana Karma (VK) (therapeutic emesis). However, so far, its utility for Vamana is not explored in detail, therefore there is a need to revalidate the utility of WA for Vamana. Hence, the above study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy as a therapeutic emetic agent (vamaka yoga) in the management of psoriasis along with quality control and standardization of this herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The drug was standardized as per analytical procedures in Pharmacopeias. Thirty patients of psoriasis fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken for the study and Vamana with WA was conducted. Criteria were prepared to assess the signs and Symptoms of psoriasis. VK was assessed using the classical Lakshanas (features) such as Anthiki shudhi (Ending symptoms of emesis), Vaigiki shudhi (features of vomiting bouts), Maniki shudhi (Quantitative and qualitative purification), complications. RESULT: VK with WA showed significant relief in parameters of psoriasis such as scaling, itching, candle grease sign (P < 0.001), and psoriasis area and severity index score (P = 0.001). In VK with WA, mean number of Vegas (vomiting bouts) was 6.91. 66% patients showing quantitative purification between 301 and 600 ml. 73.33% showed all Symptoms of purification. 73.33% patients showed Kaphanta vamana (Moderate expulsion of desire humor). In the level of biopurification, 66.66% patients showed moderated purification. No complication was noted with moderate drug palatability. CONCLUSION: Pharmacopeial analytical study showed its standardized values for testing the drug used for the study. It is proved as potent therapeutic emetic agent with no complication showed its clinical benefits over skin disorder like psoriasis. SUMMARY: Seeds of Wrightia antidysenterica (WA) Linn. free from any foreign matter were selected for the study. Loss on drying revealed 6.535% moisture content; total ash indicating of total inorganic content was found to be 5.12%; acid insoluble ash is the acid insoluble part of total ash, mainly silica, WA showed 0.393% acid insoluble ash; ethanol and water soluble extractive is indicative of percentage active constituents were found to be 25.66 and 20.854%, respectively. High-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting profiles of WA under 254 nm showed the presence of 7 spots (all in green) at Rf values ranging from 0.21 to 0.88. Under 366 nm there were 4 prominent spots (all in fluorescent) at Rf 0.49 to 0.82 and, when scanned under white light 620 nm following derivatization with vanillin sulfuric acid 6 spots (in different colors) were evident at Rf 0.28 to 0.58. Among these spot with Rf of 0.58 was common when visualized under all the three methods. Rf values by densitometric scan of WA showed 12 peaks at 254 nm and 5 peaks at 366 nm. However, in clinical trial, it was found to be a potent emetic agent without any complication. Abbreviations Used: WA: Wrightia antidysenterica; Linn.; VK: Vamana karma; BT: Before treatment; FP: Freidman's P value; CHS: Chi-square value; NR: Negative ranks; PR: Positive ranks; N: Sample number, AS: Austipz sign; CG: Candle grease test; SSL: Samyak Snigdha Lakshana.
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