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Seven oleanane-type triterpene saponin bisdesmosides, perennisaponins N-T (<i>1</i>-<i>7</i>), were newly isolated from a methanol extract of daisy, the flowers of <i>Bellis perennis</i> L. (Asteraceae). The structures were determined based on chemical and physicochemical data and confirmed using previously isolated related compounds as references. The isolates, including 13 previously reported perennisaponins A-M (<i>8</i>-<i>20</i>), exhibited anti-proliferative activities against human digestive tract carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-4, and MKN-45 cells. Among them, perennisaponin O (<i>2</i>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.2, 14.3, and 6.9 μM, respectively) showed relatively strong activities. The mechanism of action of <i>2</i> against HSC-2 was found to involve apoptotic cell death.
A methanol extract of everlasting flowers of <i>Helichrysum arenarium</i> L. Moench (Asteraceae) was found to inhibit the increase in blood glucose elevation in sucrose-loaded mice at 500 mg/kg p.o. The methanol extract also inhibited the enzymatic activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, IC<sub>50</sub> = 41.2 μg/ml), but did not show intestinal <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory activities. From the extract, three new dimeric dihydrochalcone glycosides, arenariumosides V-VII (<i>2</i>-<i>4</i>), were isolated, and the stereostructures were elucidated based on their spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence. Of the constituents, several flavonoid constituents, including <i>2</i>-<i>4</i>, were isolated, and these isolated constituents were investigated for their DPP-IV inhibitory effects. Among them, chalconaringenin 2′-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<i>16</i>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 23.1 μM) and aureusidin 6-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<i>35</i>, 24.3 μM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities.
Two new gallic acid glycosides, potentillanosides G (1) and H (2), were newly isolated from the methanol extract of the tuberous roots of Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae), together with a known compound, ellagic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the constituents, potentillanoside H (2, IC50 = 99.5 μM) was found to show hepatoprotective activity.
A methanol extract from the tuberous roots of Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae) exhibited hepatoprotective effects against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injuries in mice. Six triterpene 28-O-monoglucopyranosyl esters, potentillanosides A-F, were isolated from the extract along with 32 known compounds, including 15 triterpenes. The structures of potentillanosides A-F were determined on the basis of spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence. Four ursane-type triterpene 28-O-monoglycosyl esters, potentillanoside A (IC50=46.7μM), 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl pomolic acid (IC50=9.5μM), rosamutin (IC50=35.5μM), and kaji-ichigoside F1 (IC50=14.1μM), inhibited d-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Among these four triterpenes, potentillanoside A, rosamutin, and kaji-ichigoside F1 exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective effects at doses of 50-100mg/kg, p.o. The mode of action was ascribable to the reduction in cytotoxicity caused by d-GalN.