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Objective: Physical activity interventions have been shown to improve the health of people with schizophrenia, yet treatment dropout poses an important challenge in this population, and rates vary substantially across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of treatment dropout in physical activity interventions in people with schizophrenia. Method: We systematically searched major electronic databases from inception until August 2015. Randomized controlled trials of physical activity interventions in people with schizophrenia reporting dropout rates were included. Two independent authors conducted searches and extracted data. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Results: In 19 studies, 594 patients with schizophrenia assigned to exercise interventions were investigated (age=37.2 years, 67.5% male, range=37.5%-100%). Trim and fill adjusted treatment dropout rate was 26.7% [95% confidence interval (CI)=19.7%-35.0%], which is more than double than in nonactive control interventions (odds ratio=2.15, 95% CI=1.29-3.58, P=.003). In the multivariate regression, qualification of the professional delivering the intervention (beta=-1.06, 95% CI=-1.77 to - 0.35, P=.003) moderated treatment dropout rates, while continuous supervision of physical activity approached statistical significance (P=.05). Conclusions: Qualified professionals (e.g., physical therapists/ exercise physiologists) should prescribe supervised physical activity for people with schizophrenia to enhance adherence, improve psychiatric symptoms and reduce the onset and burden of cardiovascular disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PURPOSE: Worsening of schizophrenia symptoms is related to stress and anxiety. People with schizophrenia often experience difficulties in coping with stress and possess a limited repertoire of coping strategies. A randomised comparative trial was undertaken in patients with schizophrenia to evaluate changes in state anxiety, psychological stress and subjective well-being after single sessions of yoga and aerobic exercise compared with a control condition.METHOD: Forty participants performed a single 30-min yoga session, 20-min of aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometre at self-selected intensity and a 20-min no exercise control condition in random order.
RESULTS: After single sessions of yoga and aerobic exercise individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder showed significantly decreased state anxiety (p < 0.0001), decreased psychological stress (p < 0.0001) and increased subjective well-being (p < 0.0001) compared to a no exercise control condition. Effect sizes ranged from 0.82 for psychological stress after aerobic exercise to 1.01 for state anxiety after yoga. The magnitude of the changes did not differ significantly between yoga and aerobic exercise.
CONCLUSION: People with schizophrenia and physiotherapists can choose either yoga or aerobic exercise in reducing acute stress and anxiety taking into account the personal preference of each individual.
PURPOSE: Worsening of schizophrenia symptoms is related to stress and anxiety. People with schizophrenia often experience difficulties in coping with stress and possess a limited repertoire of coping strategies. A randomised comparative trial was undertaken in patients with schizophrenia to evaluate changes in state anxiety, psychological stress and subjective well-being after single sessions of yoga and aerobic exercise compared with a control condition.METHOD: Forty participants performed a single 30-min yoga session, 20-min of aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometre at self-selected intensity and a 20-min no exercise control condition in random order.
RESULTS: After single sessions of yoga and aerobic exercise individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder showed significantly decreased state anxiety (p < 0.0001), decreased psychological stress (p < 0.0001) and increased subjective well-being (p < 0.0001) compared to a no exercise control condition. Effect sizes ranged from 0.82 for psychological stress after aerobic exercise to 1.01 for state anxiety after yoga. The magnitude of the changes did not differ significantly between yoga and aerobic exercise.
CONCLUSION: People with schizophrenia and physiotherapists can choose either yoga or aerobic exercise in reducing acute stress and anxiety taking into account the personal preference of each individual.