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Depression and anxiety continue to be among the most common mental disorders. This study looked at three tracks of participants diagnosed with a mood disorder. The three tracks were Cognitive Therapy (CT), Mindfulness Training (MT), and Treatment As Usual (TAU). All participants had been trained in CT and then randomly separated into three groups. These three tracks were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months in terms of their stated level of depression (measured on the Beck Depression Inventory) and anxiety (measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory). This study was a follow-up to two previous studies (Alexander et al., 2012; Alexander & Tatum, 2013). In the current study, the participants reported the tools and skills they used to manage their mood and anxiety and then the effectiveness of these tools/skills was examined. Two tools were identified by three independent coders as the most frequently used by the participants. Both of these tools related to thought management (“thought records” and “thought distortions”). The two tools were combined into a single category (“thought tools”) and the frequency of their use was examined in relation to reductions in depression and anxiety. The results showed that a high use of these tools was connected to a significant reduction in reported depression. There was also a reduction in reported anxiety, but this effect was not statistically significant. Other tools that were reported (e.g., mood tracking, relaxation) showed no significant effects on depression and anxiety. Future research will now focus not on reported tool use, but rather on manipulating the incidence of tool use and determine the direct causal path between using a thought tool and reductions in negative moods.
Depression is the most common mental illness in the elderly, and cost-effective treatments are required. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depressive symptoms, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and quality of life across four domains in patients with late-onset depression. A single case design with pre- and post-assessment was adopted. Five patients meeting the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study and assessed on the behavioral analysis pro forma, geriatric depression scale, Hamilton depression rating scale, Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, The World Health Organization quality of life Assessment Brief version (WHOQO-L-BREF). The therapeutic program consisted of education regarding the nature of depression, training in formal and informal mindfulness meditation, and cognitive restructuring. A total of 8 sessions over 8 weeks were conducted for each patient. The results of this study indicate clinically significant improvement in the severity of depression, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in all 5 patients. Eight-week MBCT program has led to reduction in depression and increased mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in patients with late-life depression.
Depression is the most common mental illness in the elderly, and cost-effective treatments are required. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depressive symptoms, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and quality of life across four domains in patients with late-onset depression. A single case design with pre- and post-assessment was adopted. Five patients meeting the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study and assessed on the behavioral analysis pro forma, geriatric depression scale, Hamilton depression rating scale, Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, The World Health Organization quality of life Assessment Brief version (WHOQO-L-BREF). The therapeutic program consisted of education regarding the nature of depression, training in formal and informal mindfulness meditation, and cognitive restructuring. A total of 8 sessions over 8 weeks were conducted for each patient. The results of this study indicate clinically significant improvement in the severity of depression, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in all 5 patients. Eight-week MBCT program has led to reduction in depression and increased mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in patients with late-life depression.
Depression is the most common mental illness in the elderly, and cost-effective treatments are required. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depressive symptoms, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and quality of life across four domains in patients with late-onset depression. A single case design with pre- and post-assessment was adopted. Five patients meeting the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study and assessed on the behavioral analysis pro forma, geriatric depression scale, Hamilton depression rating scale, Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, The World Health Organization quality of life Assessment Brief version (WHOQO-L-BREF). The therapeutic program consisted of education regarding the nature of depression, training in formal and informal mindfulness meditation, and cognitive restructuring. A total of 8 sessions over 8 weeks were conducted for each patient. The results of this study indicate clinically significant improvement in the severity of depression, mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in all 5 patients. Eight-week MBCT program has led to reduction in depression and increased mindfulness skills, acceptance, and overall quality of life in patients with late-life depression.
Despite research findings that Cognitive Therapy (CT) reduces relapse of depression, patients often dohave setbacks. Recently, CT researchers have integrated the Eastern meditative practice of
mindfulness into cognitive approach. This study was a variation on research on Mindfulness Based
Cognitive Therapy (the incorporation of mindfulness and CT) and relapse prevention from depression.
Three tracks of participants, mindfulness training (MT), CT and treatment as usual (TAU) were studied
to examine relapse rates from depression and the participants’ sense of self-efficacy. The MT and CT
tracks were added on to a regular outpatient treatment program. Three measures were used: the Beck
Depression Inventory, the Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale and the Generalized Self-Efficacy
Scale. Participants were assessed during an initial (pretest, baseline) period and again at a 3-month
follow-up. Results reveal a significant decrease in depression and an increase in mindful and
generalized self-efficacy in the MT track (N = 33). The results also showed a significant decrease in
depression and mindfulness self-efficacy for the CT track (N = 27), but no significant change in
generalized self-efficacy. The TAU track (N = 30) revealed no significant changes in any of the three
measures. These trends show promise for relapse prevention of depression and improved sense of
self-management through both therapeutic methodologies of mindfulness and cognitive therapy.
Despite research findings that Cognitive Therapy (CT) reduces relapse of depression, patients often dohave setbacks. Recently, CT researchers have integrated the Eastern meditative practice of
mindfulness into cognitive approach. This study was a variation on research on Mindfulness Based
Cognitive Therapy (the incorporation of mindfulness and CT) and relapse prevention from depression.
Three tracks of participants, mindfulness training (MT), CT and treatment as usual (TAU) were studied
to examine relapse rates from depression and the participants’ sense of self-efficacy. The MT and CT
tracks were added on to a regular outpatient treatment program. Three measures were used: the Beck
Depression Inventory, the Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale and the Generalized Self-Efficacy
Scale. Participants were assessed during an initial (pretest, baseline) period and again at a 3-month
follow-up. Results reveal a significant decrease in depression and an increase in mindful and
generalized self-efficacy in the MT track (N = 33). The results also showed a significant decrease in
depression and mindfulness self-efficacy for the CT track (N = 27), but no significant change in
generalized self-efficacy. The TAU track (N = 30) revealed no significant changes in any of the three
measures. These trends show promise for relapse prevention of depression and improved sense of
self-management through both therapeutic methodologies of mindfulness and cognitive therapy.