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Cognitive impairments, especially in higher order cognitive functions, are core features of schizophrenia. Importantly, despite their early onset, long-lasting presence, and serious impact on the life quality of patients and their families, cognitive deficits are still mostly incurable and their specific causes are still unknown. In this context, mouse/rat models with cautious and well-designed translational valence constitute an invaluable instrument in dissecting the selective nature of schizophrenia-relevant cognitive deficits, including their genetic, environmental, and neuronal/cellular mechanisms. Moreover, these models are also crucial for the implementation of more effective therapeutical strategies. Thus, based on clinical evidence in schizophrenia, here we will specifically address cognitive domains such as executive control, working memory, attention, and social cognition. We first briefly present human tasks commonly used to measure each of these domains; thereafter, we describe relevant equivalent tasks developed and now available for use in rodents.