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In order to effectively transport universal social and emotional learning (SEL) programs into natural settings, it is important to understand implementation barriers that may hinder the likelihood of successful outcomes (Fixsen, Naoom, Blas�, Friedman, & Wallace, 2005). The current study is primarily based on the notion that within the planning phase of implementation, few technically adequate assessment measures targeting both organizational capacity (OC) and provider characteristics (PC) for SEL programming actually exist. The purpose is to extend the SEL implementation assessment literature by developing a new rating scale designed to measure SEL implementation barriers (School SEL Capacity Assessment [SSCA]) and make preliminary inferences regarding the current state of SEL implementation. In order to satisfy our objectives, we evaluated the psychometric quality of the SSCA using the Rasch Rating Scale model. In all, the data are encouraging and provide promising validity evidence of internal structure for the OC and PC scales within the SSCA. Within reason, the SSCA met the qualifications for accurate measurement. Findings from the Rasch analysis helped us analyze survey response differences among subgroups, which included participants' stage-of-implementation, years of professional experience, grade level, and social economic status. Generally speaking, teachers who are maintaining an SEL program found it easier to endorse items on the SSCA, suggesting that they have more OC and PC attributes. Contrary to what we would expect, years of professional experience is not related to teachers' level of OC and PC attributes. Because they're so few teachers in several of the grade levels, any comparison would be tenuous and we have opted to not to include the analysis in our results. As anticipated however, the results show that teachers in high SES schools have significantly more OC attributes, but their level of PC attributes are not affected by their schools SES. Limitations of this study as well as directions for future research are discussed.
The classroom is a rich emotional environment where both students and teachers experience a wide range of emotions. Emotions influence all aspects of learning including attention, motivation, interest, memory, creativity, and social interactions. While negative emotions generally impede learning, the experience of positive emotions leads to improved outcomes for both teachers and students. Thus, the ability to regulate emotions is a very critical skill for both teachers and students. Teachers must be equipped with the necessary skills to manage their own emotions as well as emotional incidents in the classroom; however, few teacher preparation programs provide the knowledge and skills to navigate the emotional nature of the classroom environment. To meet this need, a social emotional learning (SEL) curriculum for pre-service teachers was developed to provide future teachers 1) with the skills needed to teach emotion regulation to students, and 2) the underlying emotional competence needed to meet the emotional demands of the classroom. The curriculum is intended for implementation as part of an existing teacher education course or as a seminar for pre-service teachers in their last year of schooling.