There have been various terms and definitions of social and emotional education (SEE), such as social and emotional learning (SEL), social and emotional literacy, social and emotional well-being and mental health amongst others. This chapter presents social and emotional education as a multidisciplinary, integrative construct drawing from six major perspectives in children’s health and well-being, namely social and emotional learning, positive education, mindfulness, resilience, inclusive education and caring communities. It then reviews the literature on the effective processes underlying SEE in schools and presents a whole-school, multilevel and evidence-based framework for the promotion of social and emotional education in primary school.