This chapter reviews theoretical models, empirical research, and treatment outcome literature connecting different constructs of mindfulness and their individual components to the alleviation of anxiety and anxiety disorders. Both theory and research support an inverse relation between anxiety and aspects of trait mindfulness, particularly those tapping nonjudgment, acceptance, and the absence of mindless states. Outcome studies indicate that mindfulness‐based interventions may be effective in the reduction of symptomatology for subclinical anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder, while outcome literature for other anxiety disorders is scarce to date. Future outcome studies are needed comparing mindfulness‐based interventions to established cognitive behavioral therapies to determine the relative benefits of each. At the same time, further studies should explore connections between mindfulness constructs derived from Eastern influences and social psychology, the benefits of combining mindfulness‐based interventions with established anxiety treatments, the effectiveness of mindfulness in the individual therapy setting, and the mediators of change at work in mindfulness‐based interventions for anxiety.